Best proton pump inhibitor with least side effects

1. Richter JE. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in the older patient: presentation, treatment, and complications. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:368–373. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

2. Pilotto A, Franceschi M, Leandro G, Scarcelli C, D'Ambrosio LP, Seripa D, Perri F, Niro V, Paris F, Andriulli A, et al. Clinical features of reflux esophagitis in older people: a study of 840 consecutive patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54:1537–1542. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

3. Pilotto A, Franceschi M, Leandro G, Novello R, Di Mario F, Valerio G. Long-term clinical outcome of elderly patients with reflux esophagitis: a six-month to three-year follow-up study. Am J Ther. 2002;9:295–300. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

4. Zimmerman J, Shohat V, Tsvang E, Arnon R, Safadi R, Wengrower D. Esophagitis is a major cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the elderly. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997;32:906–909. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

5. Maekawa T, Kinoshita Y, Okada A, Fukui H, Waki S, Hassan S, Matsushima Y, Kawanami C, Kishi K, Chiba T. Relationship between severity and symptoms of reflux oesophagitis in elderly patients in Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998;13:927–930. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

6. Pilotto A, Franceschi M, Paris F. Recent advances in the treatment of GERD in the elderly: focus on proton pump inhibitors. Int J Clin Pract. 2005;59:1204–1209. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

7. Klotz U. Effect of aging on the pharmacokinetics of gastrointestinal drugs. In: Aging and the Gastrointestinal Tract., editor. Pilotto A, Malfertheiner P, Holt P, editors. Switzerland: Karger Press Basel; 2003. pp. 28–39. [Google Scholar]

8. Ollyo JB, Lang F, Fontolliet CH, Brossard E. Savary-Miller's new endoscopic grading of reflux-oesophagitis: a simple, reproducible, logical, complete and useful classification. Gastroenterology. 1990;98 Supp l:A–100. [Google Scholar]

9. Kaul B, Petersen H, Myrvold HE, Grette K, Røysland P, Halvorsen T. Hiatus hernia in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1986;21:31–34. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

10. Misiewicz JJ, Tytgat GNJ, Goodwin CS et al. The Sydney system: a new classification of gastritis. Working Party Reports of the 9th World Congress of Gastroenterology, Melbourne: Blackwell Scientific; 1990. pp. 1–10. [Google Scholar]

11. Pilotto A, Salles N. Helicobacter pylori infection in geriatrics. Helicobacter. 2002;7 Suppl 1:56–62. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

12. Pilotto A, Franceschi M, Perri F, Orsitto G, Di Mario F. Treatment options for H pylori infection in the elderly. Aging Health. 2006;2:661–668. [Google Scholar]

13. Sharma VK, Leontiadis GI, Howden CW. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing standard clinical doses of omeprazole and lansoprazole in erosive oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001;15:227–231. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

14. Holtmann G, Cain C, Malfertheiner P. Gastric Helicobacter pylori infection accelerates healing of reflux esophagitis during treatment with the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole. Gastroenterology. 1999;117:11–16. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

15. Pace F, Annese V, Prada A, Zambelli A, Casalini S, Nardini P, Bianchi Porro G. Rabeprazole is equivalent to omeprazole in the treatment of erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. A randomised, double-blind, comparative study of rabeprazole and omeprazole 20 mg in acute treatment of reflux oesophagitis, followed by a maintenance open-label, low-dose therapy with rabeprazole. Dig Liver Dis. 2005;37:741–750. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

16. Caro JJ, Salas M, Ward A. Healing and relapse rates in gastroesophageal reflux disease treated with the newer proton-pump inhibitors lansoprazole, rabeprazole, and pantoprazole compared with omeprazole, ranitidine, and placebo: evidence from randomized clinical trials. Clin Ther. 2001;23:998–1017. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

17. Edwards SJ, Lind T, Lundell L. Systematic review of proton pump inhibitors for the acute treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001;15:1729–1736. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

18. Wang WH, Huang JQ, Zheng GF, Xia HH, Wong WM, Lam SK, Wong BC. Head-to-head comparison of H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors in the treatment of erosive esophagitis: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11:4067–4077. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

19. Blume H, Donath F, Warnke A, Schug BS. Pharmacokinetic drug interaction profiles of proton pump inhibitors. Drug Saf. 2006;29:769–784. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

20. Pilotto A, Leandro G, Franceschi M. Short- and long-term therapy for reflux oesophagitis in the elderly: a multi-centre, placebo-controlled study with pantoprazole. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003;17:1399–1406. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

21. Edwards SJ, Lind T, Lundell L. Systematic review: proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for the healing of reflux oesophagitis - a comparison of esomeprazole with other PPIs. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24:743–750. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

22. Gillessen A, Beil W, Modlin IM, Gatz G, Hole U. 40 mg pantoprazole and 40 mg esomeprazole are equivalent in the healing of esophageal lesions and relief from gastroesophageal reflux disease-related symptoms. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004;38:332–340. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

23. Labenz J, Armstrong D, Lauritsen K, Katelaris P, Schmidt S, Schütze K, Wallner G, Juergens H, Preiksaitis H, Keeling N, et al. A randomized comparative study of esomeprazole 40 mg versus pantoprazole 40 mg for healing erosive oesophagitis: the EXPO study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;21:739–746. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

24. Pilotto A, Franceschi M, Leandro G, Rassu M, Bozzola L, Valerio G, Di Mario F. Influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on severity of oesophagitis and response to therapy in the elderly. Dig Liver Dis. 2002;34:328–331. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

25. Pilotto A, Perri F, Leandro G, Franceschi M. Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the outcome of reflux esophagitis and chronic gastritis in the elderly. A randomized, multicenter, eight-month study. Gerontology. 2006;52:99–106. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Page 2

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population