ThoughtCo / Hilary Allison Updated on February 02, 2020 DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, while RNA is ribonucleic acid. Although DNA and RNA both carry genetic information, there are quite a few differences between them. This is a comparison of the differences between DNA versus RNA, including a quick summary and a detailed table of the differences. Summary of Differences Between DNA and RNA
Comparison of DNA and RNAWhile both DNA and RNA are used to store genetic information, there are clear differences between them. This table summarizes the key points:
Which Came First?There is some evidence DNA may have occurred first, but most scientists believe RNA evolved before DNA. RNA has a simpler structure and is needed in order for DNA to function. Also, RNA is found in prokaryotes, which are believed to precede eukaryotes. RNA on its own can act as a catalyst for certain chemical reactions. The real question is why DNA evolved if RNA existed. The most likely answer for this is that having a double-stranded molecule helps protect the genetic code from damage. If one strand is broken, the other strand can serve as a template for repair. Proteins surrounding DNA also confer additional protection against enzymatic attack. Unusual DNA and RNAWhile the most common form of DNA is a double helix. there is evidence for rare cases of branched DNA, quadruplex DNA, and molecules made from triple strands. Scientists have found DNA in which arsenic substitutes for phosphorus. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sometimes occurs. It is similar to DNA, except thymine is replaced by uracil. This type of RNA is found in some viruses. When these viruses infect eukaryotic cells, the dsRNA can interfere with normal RNA function and stimulate an interferon response. Circular single-strand RNA (circRNA) has been found in both animals and plants. At present, the function of this type of RNA is unknown. Additional References
Watch Now: What Is DNA?What is 10 difference between DNA and RNA?Summary of Differences Between DNA and RNA
DNA is a double-stranded molecule, while RNA is a single-stranded molecule. DNA is stable under alkaline conditions, while RNA is not stable. DNA and RNA perform different functions in humans.
What are the 4 main differences between DNA and RNA?STRUCTURE. DNA is usually double stranded, has two separate strands that are connected while RNA is single stranded.. SIZE. DNA is much larger than RNA with millions of nucleotides while RNA is smaller with hundreds of nucleotides.. SUGAR STRUCTURE. ... . LOCATION. ... . NITROGENOUS BASES. ... . REPLICATION AND GROWTH. ... . GEOMETRY.. What is the 3 difference between DNA and RNA?So, the three main structural differences between RNA and DNA are as follows: RNA is single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded. RNA contains uracil while DNA contains thymine. RNA has the sugar ribose while DNA has the sugar deoxyribose.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?There are two differences that distinguish DNA from RNA: (a) RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom), and (b) RNA has the nucleobase uracil while DNA contains thymine.
|