Best bread maker for gluten free bread

Best bread maker for gluten free bread

If you’re looking for the best gluten free bread maker then you already know that there’s no easier way to make gluten-free loaves than to let a machine do all the work for you. Or you’ll immediately become convinced of that.

After all, all you have to do from now on is adding the ingredients into the pan, select the cycle, and press the Start button.

It’s totally worth getting a bread maker since GF breads are not exactly cheap.

It will save you money in the long run but the most important aspect, at least for me, is that I know exactly the ingredients from which my loaves are made.

For really busy people, it can be a life saver. Furthermore, there’s also the option of gluten-free bread mixes that can be made by hand or with the help of a bread maker.

  • Best Gluten Free Bread Makers: My Favorites
  • 7 Best Gluten Free Bread Makers
    • 1. Hamilton Beach Bread Maker 29882: the Cheapest Gluten Free Bread Maker
      • There are 12 cycles:
      • The order in which you should add the ingredients are:
    • 2. Cuisinart CBK-110: Affordable & Awesome Gluten Free Bread Machine
      • There are 12 cycles:
      • Removing the paddle
    • 3. Zojirushi Home Bakery Virtuoso: Overall Best Gluten Free Bread Maker
      • There are 15 cycles:
    • 4. Zojirushi Maestro BB-SSC10: 1 Pound Gluten Free Loaves
      • Design
      • 14 cycles
      • Auto add dispenser
    • 5. Breville Custom Loaf Bread Maker
      • The 14 cycles are:
    • 6. Hamilton Beach Premium Dough & Bread Maker Machine 29888
      • 14 settings
      • Nut & fruit dispenser
    • 7. Oster Expressbake Bread Maker CKSTBR9050
  • Best Gluten Free Bread Maker Buying Guide
      • 1. Price
      • 2. Settings (cycles)
  • Best Gluten Free Bread Maker Recipes
    • Gluten-free sandwich bread recipe for GF bread machine
    • Pizza dough for the gluten free setting
    • How to Use a Gluten Free Bread Machine

Best Gluten Free Bread Makers: My Favorites

1. Cheapest Gluten Free Bread Machine: Hamilton Beach Bread Maker 29882

Choose the Hamilton Beach Bread Maker 29882 is you’re looking for a cheap price and pretty impressive capabilities, it’s that simple. It’s one of the best gluten free bread makers, even if it’s at the same time the cheapest, too.

2. Gluten Free Bread Maker with Extra Features: Hamilton Beach Bread Maker 29888

If you want a bigger more metallic version of the above Hamilton Beach but at a higher price and with the addition of a nut & fruit dispenser, this might be it for you. I still prefer the Hamilton Beach Bread Maker 29882 over this more expensive version from the same manufacturer.

3. Best Value: Cuisinart CBK-110

This is one of my absolute favorites when it comes to picking the best GF bread maker. It has a pretty affordable price, while possessing pretty impressive qualities, the most important of them being the fact that it makes and bakes awesome breads every time. The slightly more expensive alternative is the CBK-200.

4. Overall the Best Gluten Free Bread Maker: Zojirushi Home Bakery Virtuoso

It’s the most highly praised, most expensive bread machine, an impressive kitchen appliance but only if you can afford the high price.

7 Best Gluten Free Bread Makers

All these 7 models are amazing candidates as the best bread machines for gluten free bread. It’s hard to differentiate between them.

The important thing is that each one has the potential to be the best gluten free bread maker for you, you just have to give it a try. I hope you’ll be as excited as I am about using a bread machine even after all these years.

1. Hamilton Beach Bread Maker 29882: the Cheapest Gluten Free Bread Maker

Well, there are a lot of things that can be said when talking about the features for this bread machine but there’s one very important aspect that needs to be mentioned right away:

The Hamilton Beach Bread Maker is the cheapest best gluten free bread maker.

There’s no cheaper option.

Even though it’s affordable, that doesn’t mean that it’s not fantastic.

Otherwise, it wouldn’t be on my list for the best bread machines for gluten free bread.

Before checking out any other model, you should definitely consider this one, no matter your budget.

The Hamilton Beach has 2 loaf sizes:

  • 1.5 pounds
  • and 2 pounds

There are 3 crust settings: light, medium, and dark. I prefer it medium.

There’s also a 13-hour delay timer.

There are 12 cycles:

  • basic (white)
  • French
  • gluten free (which is what interests you since you’re looking for the best gluten free bread maker)
  • quick (for recipes that don’t use yeast)
  • sweet
  • 1.5-pound Express, 2-pound Express (for the Express ones the loaves are all done from start to finish in just 58 minutes but the result is not as delicious and they don’t work for the GF recipes, they’re just a fast replacement for the basic setting)
  • dough perfect for pizza and any other recipes that need to be baked in a conventional oven
  • jam
  • cake (recipes with soda or baking powder)
  • whole grain
  • bake

It’s a complete list.

The gluten-free cycle takes 3 and a half hours for the 1.5-pound and 3 hrs. 40 min for the 2-pound option from start to finish.

The order in which you should add the ingredients are:

  • water (and other liquids)
  • sugar
  • salt
  • butter, margarine
  • flour
  • yeast

For any bread machine, the rule is that liquids don’t come in any contact with the yeast.

The order in which the ingredients should be added is helpful in case you want to try other GF recipes from cookbooks or the Internet.

A user manual doesn’t feature that many.

The Hamilton Beach has only 2 recipes for the GF cycle.

The design is nothing special, it’s definitely not the prettiest machine out there but what can you expect for the money?

On the plus side, the control panel is easy to use, literally anyone can figure it out without any instructions, it just has a few buttons.

It includes an extra kneading paddle to use when the other one is in the dishwasher.

I don’t actually see the point of this one because even if a little dough sticks to the paddle it should be cleaned immediately, which shouldn’t happen since it’s non-stick just like the pan.

I think it’s better to just hold on to the extra one in case the one you’re using needs to be replaced.

It hasn’t happened to me but I own a Panasonic.


Where to Buy?

Check Price and User Reviews Here


All in all,

There’s no cheaper option for the best gluten free bread maker than the Hamilton Beach but there are 4 more best bread machines for gluten free bread below if you want something different.

2. Cuisinart CBK-110: Affordable & Awesome Gluten Free Bread Machine

This bread maker from Cuisinart would be considered middle-priced. It’s still pretty affordable compared to other models but almost double the price of the Hamilton Beach.

This unit has a pretty interestingly look. You’re either going to love the design or not. Personally, I love it. It will fit very well in a modern kitchen.

The Cuisinart CBK-110 is a pretty amazing bread machine, it’s a bit on the expensive side but so good.

There are 3 loaf sizes: 1 pound, 1.5, and 2 pounds. It’s perfect for those who live alone and for families.

There are the usual 3 crust settings: light, medium, and dark.

Plus there’s a 13-hour delay timer, which is standard for these machines that make loaves and dough and jam.

There are 12 cycles:

  • basic
  • French/Italian
  • whole wheat
  • sweet
  • gluten free
  • packaged mix
  • cake
  • dough
  • pasta dough
  • jam
  • bake-only
  • rapid bake

The 4 GF recipes included in the Cuisinart recipe booklet are only for 1.5-pound loaves.

It’s a very fast cycle, it only takes 2 hrs. 30 min until it’s all done but you are advised to use a rubber spatula to incorporate all the ingredients when the dough is being mixed.

The time seems a bit short, some users have mentioned additional baking being needed.

You can do that by selecting the bake-only cycle once the GF cycle is complete.

The order of adding the ingredients is: liquid, dry ingredients, and yeast at the end.

Remember, it’s very important to add the ingredients in that exact order.

Removing the paddle

Once the mixing/kneading is complete, you will hear 6 beeps that let you know that it’s safe to remove the dough from the pan so that you can remove the kneading paddle and then place the dough back in.

The kneading paddle may be hot.

The kneading paddle is no longer needed since the rise and bake phases will commence.

If the loaf is baked without the kneading paddle in, there won’t be such a big hole left at the base of the loaf.

I’ve never removed it.

Once I press the Start button, I go about my day until the final beeps let me know that I can remove the loaf or the dough.

I only watch out for the beeps that let me know that I can add nuts or anything else, even chocolate chips.

The control panel is easy to use, it’s intuitive.


Where to Buy?

Check Price and User Reviews Here


The Cuisinart CBK-110 is also the only best gluten free bread maker that comes with a 3-year warranty, all the others have just 1-year warranty.

3. Zojirushi Home Bakery Virtuoso: Overall Best Gluten Free Bread Maker

And here it is, the most expensive best gluten free bread maker, the Zojirushi Home Bakery Virtuoso.

Let’s be honest here:

No matter how amazing it is, I couldn’t afford the Zojirushi Home Bakery Virtuoso. It’s just too expensive for my budget when it comes to how much I can afford to spend on a bread machine.

Fortunately, some of you are not me.

If you can easily afford this model, you’re going to get a great unit. It can be easily called the best bread machine for gluten free bread.

It makes and bakes totally delicious GF breads.

And your effort is minimal. But it totally should considering how much it costs.

You should expect the highest quality for any cycle.

The Zojirushi Virtuoso, just like its counterpart the Zojirushi Supreme, bakes horizontal loaves.

I actually love the horizontal shape, it’s a big plus for this machine. It’s the best horizontal bread maker on the market.

The Supreme is cheaper and both have a lot in common but the Virtuoso is the one with the GF cycle.

The Zojirushi Virtuoso is one of the most appreciated bread makers and that includes being a best gluten free bread maker.

The interesting part is that there are two kneading blades, which makes it perfect for whole wheat loves. The 2 blades are needed for the horizontal shape but their advantage also extends to getting amazingly kneaded dough.

There are plenty of people who buy the Zojirushi Virtuoso just for its impressive dough kneading capabilities.

There are 15 cycles:

  • white
  • whole wheat
  • European
  • multigrain
  • gluten free
  • salt free
  • sugar free
  • vegan
  • rapid white
  • rapid whole wheat
  • dough
  • sourdough starter (a unique one among bread makers as far as I can tell)
  • cake
  • jam
  • homemade (where you can record 3 of your favorite recipes)

You can find a few GF recipes on their website.

The replacement pan is quite expensive but at least it’s an option if you need to replace it.

The design is a bit weird, it doesn’t fit my tastes exactly but I’m not going to argue about that.

The quality of the loaves tops the design.


Where to Buy?

Check Price and User Reviews Here


4. Zojirushi Maestro BB-SSC10: 1 Pound Gluten Free Loaves

This is a compact bread machine that also makes GF loaves. Besides that, it’s also one of the most complex machines on the market.

However, there is one important thing you must pay attention to: it only bakes 1 pound loaves. Thus, if you’re only making GF bread for yourself, this is a nice pick.

The loaves baked are vertical.

Even if it only bakes such small loaves, the price is definitely expensive. It’s not for those who are looking to spend under $100 on a bread machine. In that case, check out the first Hamilton Beach bread machine that I reviewed above and the Cuisinart CBK-110. Those two are some the cheapest and some of the best gluten free bread machines that you can buy.

Design

You’re either going to love it or not. This machine is narrow and tall.

It only weighs 16 pounds so you can put it in a cupboard or somewhere else if you’re not going to use it often or if you don’t have space on the countertop.

It even comes with a handle at the top so that you can carry it without straining yourself.

14 cycles

  • white
  • European
  • quick white
  • whole wheat
  • quick whole wheat
  • multigrain
  • gluten free
  • salt free
  • sugar free
  • vegan
  • bread/pizza dough
  • pasta dough
  • cake
  • jam

As you can see, even if it only bakes 1-pound loaves, it manages to bake a whole range of them. We also get the option to make all kinds of dough.

This machine is indeed complex.

There’s also a Homemade course where you can store 3 of your favorite recipes.

We can only select between 2 crusts: medium and dark. That’s a bit of a con because some might prefer their breads with a light crust.

There’s a 13-hour delay timer.

Auto add dispenser

It can be an exciting addition if you plan on baking loaves with additional ingredients like nuts, fruits, chocolate chips, etc.


Where to Buy?

Check Price and User Reviews Here


5. Breville Custom Loaf Bread Maker

The Breville Custom Loaf Bread Maker is the second most expensive bread machine for gluten free bread.

And it looks amazing.

It’s also one of the smartest. It will definitely take a while getting used to its smart panel and all its functions. If you’re not into technology too much, this is definitely not the option for you.

Even I would have to read the manual more than a few times to understand everything it can do.

There are 4 loaf sizes from 1 pound to 2.5 pounds.

However, for the gluten-free cycle only the 2 and 2.5 pounds sizes are available.

The loaves baked are horizontal.

With the modify button you can adjust the temperature and the duration of each phase.

For example, if you feel that the dough is not baked enough you can increase the duration or the temperature for the bake phase.

The usual 3 crusts and the 13-hour delay timer are also featured.

The kneading paddle is collapsible so that the loaf doesn’t bake with the paddle inside, meaning that the hole at the base is smaller.

There’s also an automatic fruit & nut dispenser that’s not common among bread machines.

The 14 cycles are:

  • custom (you can record 9 of your favorite recipes and transform them into cycles so they are accessible to you with just a few buttons, it’s a pretty interesting function if you plan on expanding your GF repertoire)
  • basic
  • basic rapid
  • whole wheat
  • whole wheat rapid
  • gluten free
  • crusty loaf
  • sweet
  • yeast free
  • dough-bread
  • dough-pizza
  • dough-pasta
  • bake only
  • jam for which a fixed paddle is provided

That’s definitely an impressive list.

There are 3 recipes for the GF cycle but you can make so much more. The recipes are nothing extraordinary but they’re a good start.

You can easily find replacement parts, pan included, which is not that expensive.

All in all,

The Breville Custom Loaf can be a pretty perfect bread machine for GF bread as long as you can afford it because it’s a bit too expensive for most of us.


Where to Buy?

Check Price and User Reviews Here


6. Hamilton Beach Premium Dough & Bread Maker Machine 29888

It seems that my second choice for the best gluten-free bread machine ended up being another Hamilton Beach.

There are a few reasons for that: their machines are pretty affordable, highly popular among users, and they work just as they should. They’re delivering what they promise and that’s pretty amazing, from my point of view.

So, what does the Hamilton Beach Premium Dough & Bread Maker Machine 29888 have extra to warrant the more expensive price?

It is, after all, almost twice as expensive as the above bread maker.

14 settings

  • basic
  • French
  • gluten free
  • whole grain
  • 1.5 LB Express
  • 2 LB Express
  • quick bread
  • sweet
  • dough
  • cake
  • jam
  • rise
  • bake
  • artisan dough

As it turns out, the artisan dough cycle is the one that’s truly different. Otherwise, they pretty much share the same cycles.

What is artisan dough? It’s an interesting feature that makes dough that you then have to bake in an oven, preferably by using a Dutch oven. What so special about this dough? It’s risen at a lower temperature, which means that the dough will be ready in approximately 5 hours.

Artisan breads are indeed delicious but if you’re interested in a bread maker for its GF setting, it might be a cycle that has no function for you therefore the extra money paid for this machine wouldn’t exactly be justifiable.

The bigger difference is that this machine has 3 loaf sizes: 1, 1.5, and 2 pounds. The 1 pound is a nice option for those who live alone.

Nut & fruit dispenser

The other noticeable difference is that the Hamilton Beach Bread Maker 29888 has a nut & fruit dispenser. It will release the nuts & fruits automatically when it’s time for them to be added to the dough so that they can be baked together with the bread.

If there is no nut & fruit dispenser you simple have to add them manually when the machine beeps. It’s not that big of a work if you’re around the machine when it beeps.

What is this not? It’s not the prettiest of bread makers and the bulky silver metallic design is not the most attractive.

Other than that, there’s nothing to complain about really. Now you see why I had to review it immediately after the above Hamilton Beach, it was also easier to compare them.

It turns out that they’re both awesome choices as the best gluten-free bread makers, it depends on what your budget allows you to choose.


Where to Buy?

Check Price and User Reviews Here


7. Oster Expressbake Bread Maker CKSTBR9050

It should not be confused with the other Oster Expressbake CKSTBRTW20, more easily remembered as the Oster Expressbake 2-Pound Loaf.

For one, the CKSTBRTW20 is basically half the price of the CKSTBR9050.

The CKSTBRTW20 doesn’t have a gluten free cycle but there are still people who use it successfully to make GF breads because there are plenty of recipes for bread machines to be found either in cookbooks or online.

So, you can try it that way, too.

It will save you some money.

Obviously, it’s easier with a bread machine that includes the gluten free setting.

It’s very similar to the Oster CKSTBRTW20 just that it has the additional gluten free cycle but it’s a bit expensive just for that.

You can read my Oster CKSTBRTW20 review here. It’s also featured in my reviews for the best small bread machine.


Where to Buy?

Check Price and User Reviews Here


Best Gluten Free Bread Maker Buying Guide

In order to pick the best GF bread maker for you, you should be aware of the main features that you should be looking for.

1. Price

Let’s start with the price because it will make things much easier if you have a budget in mind.

For example, if you want a gluten free bread machine under $100, then your first choice should be the Hamilton Beach Bread Maker 29882. That is also my first recommendation because it combines quality with a very accessible price tag.

Next on my list of favorites is the Cuisinart CBK-110. It’s also a very affordable machine. It’s just a bit more expensive than the cheap Hamilton Beach Bread Maker 29882 so it’s another amazing choice if you’re on a budget when shopping for the best gluten free bread machine.

On the expensive side, we have the Zojirushi Home Bakery Virtuoso. It’s impressive both in terms of price and quality. I consider it to be the overall best gluten free bread maker but I only recommend it if you can afford it easily and without straining your finances.

Breville Custom Loaf Bread Maker is another expensive bread machine that has a GF setting. It’s awesome but I wouldn’t say that it’s the perfect machine for everyone.

Zojirushi Maestro BB-SSC10 is another interesting option because it bakes delicious GF loaves. However, it’s only perfect if you only want to bake 1 pound loaves. That’s the only available loaf size so it’s not good for big families.

2. Settings (cycles)

Even if you buy a bread machine that doesn’t have a dedicated gluten-free setting, you can still make GF bread. I gave you the example of the CKSTBRTW20, which is used by people to bake GF breads even if it doesn’t have a dedicated setting.

It’s just easier if the gluten-free setting is included. And we’re guaranteed that we can make delicious loaves every single time we add the ingredients to the pan. Once you’ve selected the GF setting, we’re free to do whatever we want. The machine will take care of mixing the ingredients, kneading the dough, and then baking the bread.

All the machines that I reviewed above include the gluten-free setting but they also feature many other settings for a whole variety of breads and dough.

You can pretty much bake anything you’d like. Some recipes will have to be finished in a home oven but some will be baked by the machine.

Bread machines are incredibly versatile and can be amazingly useful kitchen appliances, including for those following a GF diet.

All bread machines with a GF setting will also include a few GF bread recipes but if you want to truly expand your horizons, you’ll try various recipes. You can find many only or you can buy a cookbook with gluten free recipes for bread machines.

Best Gluten Free Bread Maker Recipes

There isn’t really a universal GF bread recipe that can be made in a bread machine. Each bread machine that comes with a gluten-free bread maker cycle will also include at least 2 reviews for their machine.

Thus, the first thing you should do is experiment with the recipes included by the machine cookbook.

After that, once you get completely comfortable with your machine, you can search online for many other GF bread machine recipes. Or you can buy a cookbook, like The Gluten-Free Bread Machine Cookbook by Jane Bonacci.

A cookbook like that will teach you everything you need to know not only about how bread makers can be used for successful baking but also about GF flours, starches, gums and emulsifiers, flour blends, etc.

Their recipes also cover everything you might want to bake: basic sandwich breads, shaped breads, rolls, specialty breads, sourdough breads, pizza, focaccia, and flatbread, fruits breads, sweet breads, and things to make with GF breads.

There recipes don’t include only the GF cycle but also the dough cycle for recipes that are finished in the oven. They also address how you should use a machine that doesn’t have a dedicated cycle for GF. It’s all great.

Gluten-free sandwich bread recipe for GF bread machine

Since Hamilton Beach Bread Maker 29882 is one of my favorite machines because it’s cheap and makes really delicious loaves, let’s check out one of their recipes so that you better understand what’s involved when using a GF bread maker.

You can find the complete recipe with instructions here.

Ingredients:

  • 1 1/2 cups warm milk (cow, rice, soy, or nut)
  • 3/4 cup whole egg (must measure 3/4 cups)
  • 1/4 cup vegetable oil
  • 1 teaspoon cider vinegar or lemon juice
  • 3/4 teaspoon sea salt
  • 2 Tablespoons sugar
  • 1 Tablespoon xanthan gum
  • 1 teaspoon guar gum
  • 3/4 teaspoon lecithin granules (plain soy)
  • 1 Tablespoon potato flour
  • 3 cups gluten-free all-purpose baking flour
  • 2 teaspoons active dry yeast

Directions:

Make sure that all the ingredients are at room temperature.

Whisk liquid ingredients until very smooth. Then add them to the bread pan. Don’t forget about adding the kneading paddle to the pan before adding all your ingredients.

In a bowl whisk the dry ingredients, except yeast. Now, pour the dry ingredients over the liquid ones that are already in the pan.

Make a small well on the top middle of the dry ingredients and add the yeast.

Select the gluten free cycle and press Start. Let it cool on a cooling rack before slicing. This recipe serves 12.

If you want the classic sandwich loaf look, you can remove the dough and let it rise in a loaf pan and bake it in the oven. However, letting the machine do all the work from start to finish is so much better.

Pizza dough for the gluten free setting

This recipe is from the recipe booklet that comes with Cuisinart CBK-110. This is one of my favorite machines. For the gluten-free setting, they also have recipes for multigrain bread, sandwich bread and cinnamon swirl bread. The GF pizza dough one seems the most interesting.

The recipes makes a 2-pound dough, which is enough for 2 12-inch pizzas or 4 6-inch pizzas.

Ingredients:

  • 1 1/4 cups water (room temperature)
  • ¼ cup olive oi
  • 2 teaspoons granulated sugar
  • 2 teaspoons kosher salt
  • 1 cup brown rice flour
  • 1 cup white rice flour
  • ½ cup arrowroot flour
  • 1/3cup ground flax seeds
  • 1/3cup quinoa flour
  • ¼ cup tapioca flour
  • 3 tablespoons psyllium husk powder
  • 2½ teaspoons baking powder
  • 1 teaspoon yeast

Directions:

Add the ingredients in the specified order in the bread pan. Don’t forget about the kneading paddle, otherwise the ingredients don’t get mixed and kneaded.

Just change the order if your machine first starts with adding the yeast, then the dry ingredients, and the liquids on top. The ingredients order will be specified by your machine manual.

Select the gluten-free setting and press start.

Once the dough is kneaded properly, you can remove it and let it rise in a bowl. Once the bulk fermentation is done, divide the dough into balls and let them go through the second rise (proofing).

The other option is to use the dough cycle for this GF pizza dough recipe. If you’re using that one, the dough will also rise inside the bread pan. Once the program beeps that it’s complete, you just remove the dough, divide it and roll into the desired pizza size.

How to Use a Gluten Free Bread Machine

Whichever model you end up choosing, please read the user manual properly. All of it, not just the words for the gluten-free cycle.

Usually the liquids go first, then the dry ingredients, and then you make a small well on the top middle of the dry ingredients and add the yeast. Most machines work in this order of ingredients but it’s still important to check out that it is indeed so.

It’s highly important because there are things that differ from machine to machine. It will teach you how to properly use your bread maker.

And always add the ingredients in the order stated in the user manual.

Properly measuring the ingredients is just as important. I recommend getting a scale, as well.

Once you’ve taken care of that you’re ready to test your best gluten free bread machine.

You should definitely get a cookbook with GF recipes for bread machines and try a bunch. It’s going to make your day.

Having a disease or deciding that a certain diet is best for you is not easy but there are some things that can make it a bit better – like smelling and eating a freshly baked loaf. The best gluten free bread maker can do that for you.

Is there such a thing as a gluten

Breadmakers that have a gluten free function on the machine allows for the different resting, rising and baking times so it's easy to make tasty and high quality bread, cakes, pasta or pizza dough.

Why does my gluten

Too Much Moisture It's very possible that there is too much water, or moisture in the to allow the baked loaf of gluten-free bread to support itself. So, if you find that your loaf of gluten-free bread collapses after baking but isn't wet or sticky in the middle, it's likely due to an excess of water.

What is the trick to making good gluten

Start out at a lower temperature—350° F—to help prevent the gluten-free bread, which takes longer to bake, from overbrowning. Then increase the temperature by about 25° to brown at the end. You can also maintain a steady temperature and cover the bread with foil if it's getting too brown.

Does Cuisinart bread maker have a gluten

Let Cuisinart do it for you! Our versatile and compact automatic bread maker offers a variety of crust colors and loaf sizes, as well as 12-preprogrammed menu options. Foolproof recipes include everything from gluten-free and artisan breads to jams and sauces.