Cell structure and function from KhanSaif2 Show
Cell organelles are specialized entities present inside a particular type of cell that performs a specific function. There are various cell organelles, out of which, some are common in most types of cells like cell membranes, nucleus, and cytoplasm. However, some organelles are specific to one particular type of cell-like plastids and cell walls in plant cells. Image created using biorender.com List of Cell Organelles
Cell membrane (Plasma membrane/ Plasmalemma)A plasma membrane is composed of lipids and proteins where the composition might fluctuate based on fluidity, external environment, and the different stages of development of the cell. Structure of Cell Membrane
Functions of Cell Membrane
Cell WallAn additional non-living layer present outside the cell membrane in some cells that provides structure, protection, and filtering mechanism to the cell is the cell wall. Structure of Cell Wall
Functions of Cell Wall
CentrioleCentrioles are tubular structures mostly found in eukaryotic cells which are composed mainly of the protein tubulin. Structure of Centriole
Functions of Centriole
Cilia and FlagellaCilia and Flagella are tiny hair-like projections from the cell made of microtubules and covered by the plasma membrane. Structure of Cilia and Flagella
Functions of Cilia and Flagella
ChloroplastA chloroplast is a type of plastic that is involved in photosynthesis in plants and algae. Chloroplast contains an essential pigment called chlorophyll necessary to trap sunlight for the production of glucose. Structure of Chloroplast
Functions of Chloroplast
CytoplasmCytoplasm refers to everything present inside the cell except the nucleus. Structure of Cytoplasm
Functions of Cytoplasm
CytoskeletonA number of fibrous structures are present in the cytosol that helps give shape to the cell while supporting cellular transport. Structure of Cytoskeleton
Functions of Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is present as an interconnection of tubules that are connected to the nuclear membrane in eukaryotic cells. There are two types of ER based on the presence or absence of ribosomes on them:
Structure of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Functions of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
EndosomesEndosomes are membrane-bound compartments within a cell originating from the Golgi network Structure of Endosomes
Functions of Endosomes
Golgi Apparatus/ Golgi Complex/ Golgi BodyThe Golgi Apparatus is the cell organelle mostly present in eukaryotic cells which is responsible for the packaging of macromolecules into vesicles so that they can be sent out to their site of action. Structure of Golgi Apparatus
Functions of Golgi Apparatus
Intermediate filamentsThe third class of filament that makes up the cytoskeleton is the intermediate filaments. They are designated as intermediate filaments because of the intermediate diameter of the filaments as compared to microfilaments and myosin proteins. Structure of Intermediate filaments
Functions of Intermediate filaments
LysozymeLysozymes are membrane-bound organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of animal cells. These organelles contain an array of hydrolytic enzymes required for the degradation of various macromolecules. There are two types of lysozymes:
Structure of Lysozyme
Functions of Lysozyme
MicrofilamentsMicrofilaments are a part of the cytoskeleton of a cell made up of actin protein in the form of parallel polymers. These are the smallest filaments of the cytoskeleton with high rigidity and flexibility, providing strength and movement to the cell. Structure of Microfilaments
Functions of Microfilaments
MicrotubulesMicrotubules are also a part of the cytoskeleton differing from microfilaments in the presence of tubulin protein Structure of Microtubules
Functions of Microtubules
MicrovilliMicrovilli are tiny finger-like structures that project on or out of the cells. These exist either on their own or in conjunction with villi. Structure of Microvilli
Functions of Microvilli
MitochondriaMitochondria are double membrane-bound cell organelles responsible for the supply and storage of energy for the cell. The oxidation of various substrates in the cell to release energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the primary purpose of mitochondria. Structure of Mitochondria
Functions of Mitochondria
NucleusThe nucleus is a double membrane-bound structure responsible for controlling all cellular activities as well as a center for genetic materials, and it’s transferring. It is one of the large cell organelles occupying 10% of the total space in the cell. It is often termed the “brain of the cell” as it provides commands for the proper functioning of other cell organelles. A nucleus is clearly defined in the case of a eukaryotic cell; however, it is absent in prokaryotic organisms with the genetic material distributed in the cytoplasm. Structure of Nucleus
Functions of Nucleus
PeroxisomesPeroxisomes are oxidative membrane-bound organelles found in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotes. The name is accredited due to their hydrogen peroxide generating and removing activities. Structure of Peroxisomes
Functions of Peroxisomes
PlasmodesmataPlasmodesmata are tiny passages or channels that allow the transfer of material and communication between different cells. Structure of Plasmodesmata
Figure: Diagram of Plasmodesmata. Source: WikipediaFunctions of Plasmodesmata
PlastidsPlastids are double membrane-bound structures present in plants and other eukaryotes involved in the synthesis and storage of food. Structure of Plastids
Figure: Diagram of types of plastids. Source: WikipediaFunctions of Plastids
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RibosomesRibosomes are ribonucleoproteins containing equal parts RNA and proteins along with an array of other essential components required for protein synthesis. In prokaryotes, they exist freely while in eukaryotes, they are found either free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Structure of Ribosomes
Functions of Ribosomes
Storage granulesStorage granules are membrane-bound organelles, also called zymogen granules storing cells’ energy reserve and other metabolites. Structure of Storage granules
Figure: Diagram of Storage Granules. Image Source: Slide PlayerFunctions of Storage granules
Subscribe us to receive latest notes. Email Address* VacuoleVacuoles are membrane-bound structures varying in size in cells of different organisms. Structure of Vacuoles
Functions Vacuoles
VesiclesVesicles are structures present inside the cell that are either formed naturally during processes like exocytosis, endocytosis, or transport of materials throughout the cell, or they might form artificially, which are called liposomes. There are different types of vesicles like vacuoles, secretory, and transport vesicles based on their function What are the structures and functions of eukaryotic cells?Eukaryotic cells have the nucleus enclosed within the nuclear membrane. The cell has mitochondria. Flagella and cilia are the locomotory organs in a eukaryotic cell. A cell wall is the outermost layer of the eukaryotic cells.
What is eukaryotic cells function?Conclusion. Organelles serve specific functions within eukaryotes, such as energy production, photosynthesis, and membrane construction. Most are membrane-bound structures that are the sites of specific types of biochemical reactions.
What are 5 organelles found in eukaryotic cells along with their functions?Below is a list of organelles that are commonly found in eukaryotic cells.
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Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells.. What are 10 examples of eukaryotes?Examples of eukaryotic cells:. Muscle cells.. Stem cell.. Bone cells.. Cancer cells.. Plant cells.. Meristematic cells.. Fungal cells.. |