Is a social position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control?

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Society, Social Structure, and Interaction in Everyday Life
What is a social position conferred at birth?
What is a social position receives at birth or takes on involuntarily later in life on the social hand person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal identity and effort?
What is the term for a social position that an individual holds?
What are examples of social position?

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Question	Answer
the process by which people act toward or respond to other people	Social Interaction
The complex framework of societal institutions (such as the economy, politics, and religion) and the social practices (such as rules and social roles) that make up a society and that organize and establish limits on people's behavior	Social Structure
The state of being part insider and part outsider in the social structure	Social Marginality
Any physical or social attribute or sign that so devalues a person's social identity that it disqualifies that person from full social acceptance	Stigma
A socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties	Status
Comprises all the statuses that a person occupies at a given time	Status Set
A social position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life, based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control, such as race/ethnicity, age, and gender	Ascribed Status
A social position a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effort	Achieved Status
The most important status a person occupies	Master Status
Material signs that inform others of a person's specific status	Status symbols
A set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status	Role
A group's or society's definition of the way a specific role ought to be played	Role Expectation
How a person actually plays the role	Role Performance
Occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a person by two or more statuses held at the same time	Role Conflict
Occurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies	Role Strain
Occurs when people consciously foster the impression of a lack of commitment or attachment to a particular role and merely go through the motions of role performance	Role Distancing
Occurs when people disengage from social roles that have been central to their self-identity	Role Exit
Consists of two or more people who interact frequently and share a common identity and a feeling of interdependence	Social Group
A small, less specialized group in which members engage in face-to-face, emotion-based interactions over an extended period of time	Primary Group
A larger, more specialized group in which members engage in more-impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time	Secondary Group
Refers to a group's ability to maintain itself in the face of obstacles; cohesion	Social Solidarity
A series of social relationships that links an individual to others	Social Network
A highly structured group formed for the purpose of completing certain tasks or achieving specific goals	Formal Organization
A set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs	Social Institution
The methods and tools that are available for acquiring the basic needs of daily life	Subsistence Technology
Use simple technology for hunting animals and gathering vegetation	Hunting and Gathering Societies
Based on technology that supports the domestication of large animals to provide food	Pastoral Societies
Based on technology that supports the cultivation of plants to provide food	Horticultural Societies
Remaining settled for longer periods in the same location	Sedentary
Use the technology of large-scale farming, including animal-drawn or energy-powered plows and equipment, to produce their food supply	Agrarian Societies
Based on technology that mechanizes production	Industrial Societies
One in which technology supports a service- and information-based economy	Post-Industrial Society
People around the world communicate with one another by cell phone, e-mail, social networking, and the Internet	Global Village
A classification scheme containing two or more mutually exclusive categories that are used to compare different kinds of behavior or types of societies	Typology
Refers to the social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds	Mechanical Solidarity
The social cohesion found in industrial (and perhaps postindustrial) societies in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence	Organic Solidarity
A traditional society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability; means "commune" or "community"	Gemeinschaft
A large, urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values; means "association"	Gesellschaft
The ways in which an individual shows an awareness that another is present without making this person the object of particular attention	Civil Inattention
Regulates the form and processes (but not the content)of social interaction	Interaction Order
The process by which our perception of reality is largely shaped by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience	Social Construction of Reality
Analyze a social context in which we find ourselves, determine what is in our best interest, and adjust our attitudes and actions accordingly	Definition of the Situation
A false belief or prediction that produces behavior that makes the originally false belief come true	Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
The study of the commonsense knowledge that people use to understand the situations in which they find themselves	Enthnomethodology
People or folk	Ethno
A system of methods	Methodology
The study of social interaction that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation	Dramaturgical Analysis
Refers to people's efforts to present themselves to others in ways that are most favorable to their own interests or image	Impression Management (Presentation of Self)
Refers to the strategies we use to rescue our performance when we experience a potential or actual loss of face	Face-Saving Behavior
A face-saving technique in which one role-player ignores the flaws in another's performance to avoid embarrassment for everyone involved	Studied Nonobservance
The area where a player performs a specific role before an audience	Front Stage
Shapes the appropriate emotions for a given role or specific situation	Feeling Rules
Occurs only in jobs that require personal contact with the public or the production of a state of mine (such as hope, desire, or fear) in others	Emotional Labor
The transfer of information between persons without the use of words	Nonverbal Communication
How we behave or conduct ourselves	Demeanor
the symbolic means by which subordinates give a required permissive response to those in power; it confirms the existence of inequality and reaffirms each person's relationship to the other	Deference
The immediate area surrounding a person that the person claims as private	Personal Space

Popular Anthropology sets

Ascribed status A social position (status) such as sex, race, and social class that a person acquires at birth. Assimilation The merging of minority and majority groups into one group with a come mon culture and identity.

Ascribed Status: A social position a person receives at birth or take on INVOLUNTARILY later on in life. Achieved Status: A social position a person takes on VOLUNTARILY that reflects personal ability and effort.

social status, also called status, the relative rank that an individual holds, with attendant rights, duties, and lifestyle, in a social hierarchy based upon honour or prestige.

Social positions an individual may hold fall into the categories of occupation (medical doctor, academic lecturer), profession (member of associations and organisations), family (parent, sibling, etc.), hobby (member of various clubs and organisations), among others.