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what is the sequence of boiling point of alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, ether, carboxylic acid, amine and amide with proper reason?
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A functional group affects the chemical property of a compound. In organic chemistry, a functional group is the group of atoms in a molecule that determines the chemical behaviour of the molecule. A covalent bond bonds the atoms in a functional group and molecule. Hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, methyl and phosphate are the seven main
functional groups. The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. At boiling point, liquid changes from its liquid state to the gaseous state. The boiling point at one atmospheric pressure is known as the normal boiling point. The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. At boiling point, liquid changes from its liquid state to the gaseous state. The
boiling point at one atmospheric pressure is known as the normal boiling point. Various factors determine the boiling point of a liquid. Pressure is directly proportional to the boiling point of a liquid. The larger the pressure more would be its boiling point. For example, the boiling point of water is equal to 100 degrees celsius at normal sea level. If we artificially decrease the pressure or increase the altitude, the boiling point will decrease. The boiling
point of water at Mt Everest is equivalent to 72 degrees celsius. Adding impurities can often increase the boiling point of a liquid. The larger the contaminants, the higher its boiling point. For example, the boiling point of water is equal to 100 degrees celsius at normal sea level. We can artificially increase the boiling point of the solution by adding impurities like salt. When salt is added to the pure water, its boiling point increases. The structure of the molecule also affects the boiling point of a liquid. The boiling point increases with the increase in the number of carbon atoms attached and decreases with the molecule’s branching. For example, the boiling point of ethyl alcohol is less than that of butyl alcohol, or the boiling point of n-pentane is larger than iso propane. The intramolecular force of attraction between the molecule plays an essential role in affecting
the boiling point of the liquid. The more significant the force of attraction in between the molecule, the more would be the boiling point of the liquid. For example, the boiling point of ethanol is 78.5 degrees celsius at normal sea level, while the boiling point of methyl ether is -25 degrees celsius. The
rise in the boiling point of ethanol is due to strong hydrogen bonding. The larger the force of attraction between the molecules more would be its boiling point. Or the larger is the electronegativity difference between the molecule more would be its polarity or boiling point. In general, the force of attraction increases in the order – Electrostatic force of attraction > Hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole attraction > Van der Waals
force of attraction. When different groups are attached to the hydrocarbon, it changes the intramolecular force of attraction between the molecule, thus changing its boiling point. The boiling point of organic molecules increases in the order: Alkanes > Alkenes > Alkynes > Haloalkanes > Ether > Ester
> Amine > Aldehyde > Ketone > Alcohol > Carboxylic Acid > Amide.
S. No. Functional Group Boiling Point Force of Attraction Polar Rank Structure 1. Amide 222o Hydrogen Bonding, Dipole-Dipole Attraction and Van der Waals force of attraction 1 2. Carboxylic Acid 118o Hydrogen Bonding, Dipole-Dipole Attraction and Van der Waals force of attraction 2 3. Alcohol 117o Hydrogen Bonding, Dipole-Dipole Attraction and Van der Waals force of attraction 3 4. Ketone 56o Inter Molecular Hydrogen Bonding, Permanent Dipole-Dipole Attraction and Van der Waals force of attraction 4, 5 5. Aldehyde 49o Inter Molecular Hydrogen Bonding, Permanent Dipole-Dipole Attraction and Van der Waals force of attraction 4, 5 6. Amine 49o Hydrogen Bonding, Dipole-Dipole Attraction and Van der Waals force of attraction 6 7. Ester 32o Dipole-Dipole Attraction and Van der Waals force of attraction 7 8. Ether 11o Dipole-Dipole Attraction and Van der Waals force of
attraction 8 9. Alkane -42o Van der Waals force of attraction 9What is a Functional Group?
What is Boiling Point?
Table of Content
Pressure
Adding impurities
Structure
Intramolecular force of attraction
Boiling Points of Functional Groups
Frequently Asked Questions on Boiling Points of Functional Groups
The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. At boiling point, liquid
changes from its liquid state to the gaseous state. The boiling point at one atmospheric pressure is known as the normal boiling point. A functional group affects the chemical property of a compound. In organic chemistry, a functional group is the
group of atoms in a molecule that determines the chemical behaviour of the molecule. A covalent bond bonds the atoms in a functional group and molecule. Amine has a more significant boiling point than an
alkane because of hydrogen bonding, strong dipole-dipole attraction, and van der waals force of attraction between them. In contrast, an alkane has only van der waals force of attraction between them. The larger the force of attraction, the more would be its boiling point. Thus, amine has a more significant boiling point than an alkane. Pressure is directly proportional to the boiling point of a liquid. The larger the pressure more would be its boiling point. For example, the boiling point of water is equal to 100 degrees celsius at normal sea level. If we artificially decrease the pressure or increase the altitude, the boiling point will decrease. The boiling point of water at Mt Everest is equivalent to 72
degrees celsius. Pentane has a more significant boiling point than ethane. As the number of carbon atoms in the molecule increases, the van der waals force of attraction increases. Thus, its boiling point
increases.What is the boiling point?
What is a functional group?
Why does amine have a more significant boiling point than an alkane?
What is the effect of pressure on
boiling point?
Why does pentane have a more significant boiling point than ethane?