Expressionist music is best identified as part of the modernist movement, which encompassed all the arts, as it shares many of modernism's key characteristics. Arnold Schoenberg is the most famous composer associated with expressionism, and his group of fellow composers and students were known as the Second Viennese school. Like modernists in all the arts, these composers all wanted to get away from the traditional ideas of beauty in their music, specifically moving away from music which we would identify as Romantic.They achieved this by composing music whose key characteristics involved really dissonant harmonies, so much so that it is often very difficult to work out what key their pieces are in. This sort of composing was subsequently labelled 'atonal': music which lacks a key or a tonal centre. This is the key characteristic to remember with expressionist music, and its easy to recognise as its the sort of music which doesn't sound very good to listen to! However, the expressionist composers also included lots of other important musical characteristics in their works, including the utilisation of extreme contrasts in both dynamics and the pitch range of their instruments. Also look out for angular leaps in the melody of expressionist pieces, and a texture that frequently changes throughout the work. Finally, the composers associated with expressionism developed an almost scientific method of composing called 'twelve-tone composition'. This is one of the most famous examples of an expressionist or atonal compositional technique, and is certainly worth looking at further if you want to use a specific example of such a technique in an exam essay or one of your own compositions. Show
This week we are exploring Expressionism in both art and music. On Monday we looked at Edvard Munch as an example of an Expressionist painter. How do characteristics of Expressionism find their way into music? Arnold Schoenberg is an example of a composer who used Expressionism in some of his compositions. Like Expressionist painters, Schoenberg uses distortion (in melody rather than brushstroke) as well as dissonances and fragmented rhythms to convey fear and anxiety in his work. His Five Pieces for Orchestra, Op. 16 is one example of Expressionism in music. Listen to the first piece and notice Schoenberg’s attempt to create a sense of fear of oncoming undesirable circumstances. This first piece of Op. 16 was later titled “Premonitions” at the request of the publisher. Listen to this first piece and let me know if you think Schoenberg effectively conveys the Expressionism seen in Munch’s The Scream.
A Structural Examination of Tonality, Vocabulary, Texture, Sonorities, and Time Organization in Western Art Music by PHILLIP MAGNUSONMICROCOSMSChapter 44. Expressionism
EXPRESSIONISM: an appeal to the emotions
44.1 BACKGROUND EXPRESSIONISM, also known as non-serial atonality, is the historical continuation of the Common Practice Period. Unlike Neo-classicism, which was a return to the past, Expressionism followed a virtually unbroken line. Arnold Schönberg, the Expressionist champion, began composing in the 19th century in the Romantic tradition. He soon expanded and developed his musical materials, particularly in the areas of dissonance and chromaticism. He avoids a sense of a single tonal center, he delays the resolution of dissonance until there was no resolution, and frees chromatic pitches of their need to resolve. His melodies shrink to simple motives, then ultimately to just intervals. His textures change suddenly and often. Expressionism is most frequently associated with the word ATONAL (which means "without a tonal center"). Strictly speaking, this is inaccurate, since ALL pitches in Expressionism are considered to be equal in importance. Schönberg preferred the word PANTONAL (meaning "all pitches equally tonal"). One of the most curious changes that occurs is that melodies and harmonies tend to be constructed alike. There is little, if any, distinction between vertical and horizontal structures; in the Common Practice Period, melodies had a predominance of stepwise motions but harmonies were constructed in 3rds. Expressionism tends to use the same principles in structuring both. Expressionism developed in the 1920's into Serialism, and many Expressionistic elements continue to be used today. 44.2 COMPOSERS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPRESSIONISM
44.3 MUSICAL ELEMENTS At a glance:
ASSIGNMENTS: SUGGESTED LISTENING
ANALYSIS Isolate the interval vectors and locate all the musical elements that are typical, characteristic, or unique to Expressionism in the following pieces in Music for Analysis:
SYNTHESIS Write an Expressionistic piece for piano, one page or less, which is a complete musical thought. Consider the musicality of your work. Play back your work on the computer through MIDI (or better yet, have someone perform it for you on the piano) to guide you. The final result must be playable. To prepare this writing assignment properly, use the notation guidelines appendix, located at Basic Principles of Music Notation, Semester IV. Submit a MIDI file via email in addition to a print-out of the project.
The grading for this project:
GO TO TOP OF PAGE Copyright � 2008-2009 by Phillip Magnuson. Content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons License. What are the characteristics expressionism?What are the characteristics of Expressionism? Expressionist art tried to convey emotion and meaning rather than reality. Each artist had their own unique way of "expressing" their emotions in their art. In order to express emotion, the subjects are often distorted or exaggerated.
What are the characteristics of impressionism in music?Elements often termed impressionistic include static harmony, emphasis on instrumental timbres that creates a shimmering interplay of “colours,” melodies that lack directed motion, surface ornamentation that obscures or substitutes for melody, and an avoidance of traditional musical form.
What was a characteristic of expressionist music quizlet?Describe the general characteristics of expressionistic music. -Leaps and wide intervals. -Expresses deep emotions e.g. love, hate, fear. Describe the instrumental techniques used in expressionism.
What is the example of Expressionism in music?Some prime examples of expressionist music include: Elektra, Richard Strauss (1908) Fünf Orchesterstücke, Op. 16, Arnold Schönberg (1909)
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