What instrument does Stevie Wonder play on Superstition

I don't know why nobody else has mentioned this, but Stevie Wonder originally wrote "Superstition" to be a guitar song, not a keyboard song. Stevie Wonder wrote "Superstition" for guitarist Jeff Beck and his band Beck, Bogert and Appice in 1973.

Jeff Beck recorded the original version (with slightly different lyrics) which had no keyboards at all. Because of the record labels' schedules, the Stevie Wonder version was released first and became a bigger hit, but that is not how Stevie Wonder and Jeff Beck intended it to happen.

Listen to Jeff Beck's guitar-centric version.

Furthermore, guitarist Stevie Ray Vaughan and his band did an excellent cover of "Superstition" in 1986. Behind the lead guitar are keyboardist Reese Wynans playing both Clavinet and Hammond organ. Stevie Wonder made a cameo appearance in the video, lending his approval to this version as well.

Update: I just realized that in 2010, when Stevie Wonder performed at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame concert, he performed "Superstition" together with Jeff Beck on lead guitar.

So yes, guitars and "Superstition" are a natural.

The clavinet was an electric keyboard created by Hohner, a German company best known for its harmonicas. Its funky sound was widely used in the '70s. Stevie Wonder's Superstition, a chart-topping hit from 1972, is a textbook example of its sound.

The song's crisp, funky vamp — which informs one of pop's most iconic intros — was played on a clavinet.

"The clavinet was my electric guitar," Wonder says. "There would've been no other way to get that sound. No other synthesizer had that snap. Other synthesizers are more accessible and not as difficult to keep in tune. But you can bend the notes on them. You can't bend them on a clavinet. Nothing is as raw sounding as a real clavinet."

The comparison to the electric guitar is a fitting one. When pressed, the keys hammer on a string similar to those on an electric guitar, with the vibrations converted to electronic signals by a magnetic pickup as they would be on a guitar.

For a different effect on another favorite — Higher Ground — Wonder ran his clavinet through an effects pedal called a Mutron. "I knew I'd found a sound I liked immediately," Wonder says.

Other keyboardists who have prominently used clavinets include Herbie Hancock, the late Billy Preston and John Medeski.

Wonder says his large collection of instruments is never far away. All but one of his 20-plus Grammys are in storage, but not his gear. "I'm afraid I don't believe in giving up instruments," he says. "You'll play it, think it's over, and before you know it'll be back in fashion again. Vintage is always in demand. So I hold onto it all."

On October 24 1972, Stevie Wonder released his 15th album Talking Book and the world heard the infectious grooves and seamless vocal delivery of the song Superstition for the very first time.

Superstition reached number one in the Billboard Hot 100 and on the soul singles chart.

The song has been covered by an astounding number of artists, from Mel Torme to Stevie Ray Vaughan and Macy Gray, French musician Tété and a unique mashup from Pomplamoose.

Superstition is frequently played at gigs and gatherings all over the globe because the bass riff and driving drum groove have so much dance appeal – a mix of the unexpected syncopation and repetition of the chorus hook. The song feels alive.

A simple structure

The listener can’t help but respond directly to the infectious opening groove played by Wonder.

Three key instruments forge the captivating and carefully arranged funk groove in the introduction: the Hohner Clavinet (an electronic harpsichord – more on this later), drums and the Moog bass. The cohesion is musical magic.

Superstition’s recording engineer Malcolm Cecil recalled how Wonder recorded the entire song on drums first, with no reference other than the song in his head, then the keyboard bass part, and then the Clavinet.

This illustrates how complete his conceptualisation of the song was prior to recording.

The song’s structure is simple. The introduction sets up the familiar groove with its static harmony, pulsing bass and keyboard riff.

The verse proceeds over the same static harmony, with a new bass riff introduced halfway through, effecting a shift to a higher dynamic level.

The chorus releases the tension with a sophisticated cadence, reflecting jazz sensibilities and revealing the breadth of Wonder’s musical knowledge.

This structure is repeated, followed by an instrumental version of the chorus. Then there’s a final verse and chorus before a long instrumental section built on the verse riff leads to the final fade out.


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Unexpected instruments

One of the most memorable parts of the song is the signature played on the Hohner Clavinet.

A Clavinet looks like an electric keyboard, but it is an electro-mechanical string instrument originally developed for the performance of classical harpsichord and clavichord music.

Like the Hammond organ of the 1930s, it was soon discovered and adopted by many contemporary musicians.

Wonder had already used the instrument on I Was Made to Love Her (1967), Shoo-Be-Doo-Be-Doo-Da-Day (1968) and I Don’t Know Why (1969). According to music journalist Martin Horn, Wonder wanted to use the Clavinet on Superstition to “full effect” to “show off”. Wonder had described the instrument as “funky, dirty, stinky”.

In some ways, the Clavinet is doing the job a guitarist might normally do. It plays the single note riff at the core of Wonder’s song, and chord parts similar to what you would hear from a strummed guitar. But there are also several other barely audible tracks of clavinet, which subtly add to the texture.

Superstition’s bass line is played on an analog synthesiser called TONTO (The Original New Timbral Orchestra). This is an extraordinary collection of electronics which filled an entire room, adding to the song with a totally unique sonic palette – akin to a PVC pipe hit with a thong.

Standing the test of time

The contributions from the horn parts are also integral, played by Steve Madaio on trumpet and Trevor Lawrence on the tenor saxophone.

The horns first appear playing in unison with the bass line in the second half of the verse, emphasising the lift in energy. They play long notes in the chorus emphasising the melody, then reinforce the rhythmic figure at the crest of resolution.

Their part culminates in a powerful instrumental hook answering the vocal hook, “superstition ain’t the way”. These parts are repeated in the ensuing verses and choruses.

After the final chorus the horns cycle through a sequence containing the verse riff, the chorus hook and a short passage of long notes adapted from the chorus melody.

The melody of Superstition is very singable. Wonder’s delivery is fluid and highly expressive. He sings relatively short phrases, allowing the keyboard riffs to fill the space at the end of each phrase.

It isn’t until the chorus that Wonder delivers the first effortless vocal lick on “suffer”. His vocal delivery remains understated, with occasional punctuated phrases, gravel tones and a scream within the horn part.

The song ends with a long 50 second fade out, reinforcing the riff.

Superstition and Wonder’s vocal delivery is so dependable, groovy and secure musically. The listener feels free to give themselves over fully, to trust Wonder completely and lose themselves for a moment.

Superstition stands the test of time.


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What instrument does Stevie Wonder use on Superstition?

The funky clavinet riff played on a Hohner Clavinet model C, the Moog synthesizer bass and the vocals were also performed by Wonder. In addition, the song features trumpet and tenor saxophone, played respectively by Steve Madaio and Trevor Lawrence.

How many instruments did Stevie Wonder play on Superstition?

On this track, Stevie played Hohner clavinet, drums, and Moog bass. Two of his band members also contributed: Steve Madaio played trumpet and Trevor Lawrence played tenor saxophone.

What instruments does Stevie Wonder play?

In his childhood, he was best known for his harmonica work, but today he is better known for his keyboard skills and vocal ability. He also plays the piano, synthesizer, harmonica, congas, drums, bongos, organ, melodica and Clavinet.

What is the riff in Superstition played on?

The irresistible funky groove of 'Superstition' is created by a riff played on the clavinet — an electronic keyboard with a harpsichord-like sound.