Show A ketone compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O. It is common to several classes of organic compounds, as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a carbonyl group is often referred to as a carbonyl compound.[1] The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex (a metal carbonyl, e.g. nickel carbonyl). The remainder of this article concerns itself with the organic chemistry definition of carbonyl, where carbon and oxygen share a double bond. Carbonyl compounds[edit]In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group characterizes the following types of compounds:
Other organic carbonyls are urea and the carbamates, the derivatives of acyl chlorides chloroformates and phosgene, carbonate esters, thioesters, lactones, lactams, hydroxamates, and isocyanates. Examples of inorganic carbonyl compounds are carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulfide.[citation needed] A special group of carbonyl compounds are dicarbonyl compounds, which can exhibit special properties. Structure and reactivity[edit]For organic compounds, the length of the C-O bond does not vary widely from 120 picometers. Inorganic carbonyls have shorter C-O distances: CO, 113; CO2, 116; and COCl2, 116 pm.[2] The carbonyl carbon is typically electrophilic. A qualitative order of electrophilicity is RCHO (aldehydes) > R2CO (ketones) > RCO2R' (esters) > RCONH2 (amides). A variety of nucleophiles attack, breaking the carbon-oxygen double bond. The polarity of C=O bond also enhances the acidity of any adjacent C-H bonds. The pKa values of acetaldehyde and acetone are 16.7 and 19 respectively,[3] Spectroscopy[edit]
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What means to carbonyl?Definition of carbonyl
1 : an organic functional group or radical −CO− occurring in aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and their derivatives. 2 : a coordination complex involving the neutral radical CO chromium carbonyl.
What is carbonyl group and carboxyl group?Carboxyl groups are a combination of two functional groups attached to a single carbon atom, namely, hydroxyl (single-bonded OH) and carbonyl (double bonded O) groups. The carboxyl (COOH) group is so-named because of the carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group. They include carboxylic acids and amino acids.
Why is carbonyl called carbonyl?In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is part of a molecule which includes a carbon atom that is double bonded to an oxygen atom. The term carbonyl reflects this; the 'carb' in carbonyl refers to the carbon atom, while the 'o' refers to the oxygen atom.
What is carbonyl group Class 12?Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are the compounds containing carbon-oxygen double bond (>C=O) called carbonyl group. The carbon and oxygen of the carbonyl group are sp2 hybridised and the carbonyl double bond is comprised of one σ-bond and one π-bond.
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