First step is problem definition, for example when looking at traffic the defined problem could be too many cars on the road.
The next step is agenda setting the problem has to sit high enough on the list of problems for any action to be considered.
After agenda setting is policy formulation, or the development of proposed courses of action to help resolve a public problem,
followed by Legitimization, which is giving legal force to decisions, or authorizing or justifying a policy action.
After a policy has become legitimized it gets Implemented, or gets put into effect.
Once a policy gets put into effect, the productivity of the policy is evaluated.
The evaluation of the policy allows for the maintenance of the policy, or in other words allows for the modification of the policy goals and means in light of new information or shifting political environment.
And, insofar, as austerity commitments are about credibility and confidence it might be good politics to 'talk up' austerity whilst implementing something a little less onerous;
Thus far, at least, austerity has been more promised than delivered - or more austerity has been promised than has been delivered;
This raises the question of whether austerity is more rhetoric than reality or is just proving difficult to implement;
Yet, if
that is the case for many European economies, it is certainly not what is being imposed on Greece (and, indeed, the other PIIGS);
And this means that, arguably, it is really only in countries like Greece and Ireland that one can credibly assess the implications of austerity - for it is only in such countries that it is clear than austerity is being implemented.
Given the conventional austerity arguments, because the French state is over-burdened with welfare commitments and needs a healthy dose of welfare retrenchment;
The biggest three French banks hold assets equivalent to 250 per cent of French GDP;
As a consequence, France's banking sector is 'too big to fail' (TBTF) and yet, crucially, 'too big to bail' (TBTB);
If the French debt/GDP ratio were, say, 40%, France could bail one of its major banks; but with a debt/GDP ratio of 95% (Q4, 2014) that is almost impossible;
It is the anxiety arising from this that leads to France's
higher debt interest repayments;
As this suggests, austerity is the price citizens (and, disproportionately, poor citizens) pay for a global (private sector) banking crisis.
Which of the following best describes the term "public policy?"
Family-bases decision which are meant to affect family-related problems such as household spending, sharing of assets and duties, and meal planning
Personal, individual decisions about one's future endeavors and plans.
What public officials decide to do or not do about public problems
Private sector actions designed to solve problems relating to the Business Cycle
What Public officials decide to do or not do about public problems
Which of the following best describes the formal actions that governments take to pursue their goals?
Policy adoptions
Policy decisions
Policy outcomes
Policy outputs
Public outputs
Which of the following best describes the effects that formal policy-related actions actually have on society?
Public outputs
Public decisions
Public adoptions
Public outcomes
Public outcomes
Which of the following policy scientists can we attribute the observation that: politics is "the authoritative allocation of values for a society."?
James Q Wilson
Harold Lasswell
Deborah Stone
David Easton
David Easton
Which of the following federal agencies is responsible for ensuring public safety as it relates to the distribution of consumer goods and services?
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
The Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Environmental Protection Agency
The Consumer Product Safety Commission
The Consumer Product Safety Commission
Which of the following policy scientists stated, as follows: politics is about "who gets what, when, and how."?
Harold Lasswell
Deborah Stone
James Q Wilson
David Easton
Harold Lasswell
Under which of these contexts would you be most likely to find a discussion of the responsibilities of different political institutions under the separation of powers clauses in the U.S. Constitution?
Governing Context
Economic Context
Social Context
Cultural Context
Governing Context
Under which of these contexts would you be most likely to find a discussion of the effects of surpluses and deficits on public policy?
Cultural Context
Social Context
Political Context
Economic Context
Economic Context
Under which of these contexts would you be most likely to find a discussion of the way in which citizens relate to each other within a particular community?
Economic Context
Political Context
Social Context
Governing Context
Social Context
Under which of these contexts would you be most likely to find a discussion of differences in voting behaviors in "red" states versus "blue" states?
Governing Context
Political Context
Cultural Context
Economic Context
Cultural Context
Under which of these contexts would you be most likely to find a discussion of how partisan differences affect voting by members of Congress?
Governing Context
Economic Context
Social Context
Political Context
Political Context
Which of the following best describes public parks?
A pure private good
A pure public good
A toll good
A common pool resource
A pure public good
Which of the following best describes electricity services in a particular city?
A pure private good
A pure public good
A common pool resource
A toll good
A toll good
Which of the following best describes air and water?
Toll good
Common pool resources
Pure public goods
Pure private goods
Common pool resources
Which of the following best describes a car or a television?
Pure private good
Toll goods
Common pool resources
Pure public goods
Pure private goods
which of the following best describes the observation that a single individual would be irrational to join an interest group when almost no personal gain follows?
Logic of individual action
Logic of interest group action
Logic of collective action
Logic of group action
Logic of collective action
which of the following eras did the deregulation of financial markets occur?
1990s
1980s
1960s
1970s
1980s
which of the following eras did the deregulation of energy markets occur?
1990s
1970s
1980s
1960s
1990s
which of the following pieces of legislation was passed as a result of diminished faith in the ability of Wall Street financial institutions to limit the kinds of risky investments that contributed to global economic turmoil in the late 2000s?
The Investor Protection and Wall Street Reform Act
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
The McCain-Feingold Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
The Bush-Cheney Investor Protection Act
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
which of the following best describes a law proposed by a state or locality for voters to approve or reject?
Referendum
Recall election
Public hearing
Legislation
Referendum
According to your text, which of the following is not a cause of "policy gridlock?"
Conflict between experts writing on the policy problem in scholarly journals
Disagreements between policymakers and influential interest groups over policy goals
A lack of consensus among the public
High levels of partisanship and ideological conflict
Conflict between experts writing on the policy problem in scholarly journals
According to your text, how many cabinet-level bureaus existed in the first American government?
Three
Eight
Zero
Five
Three
According to your text, which of the following
is most true?
None of these are true.
The size of the federal government has remained the same over time.
The federal government has not grown in size at all since the it was founded
The federal government has grown significantly in size since it was founded.
The federal government has grown significantly in size since it was founded.
According to your text, what is meant by the term "divided government" (in the context of stalemate)?
Divided government occurs when one political party controls the presidency and one political party controls the majority of state governorships.
Divided government occurs when one political party controls the presidency and one political party controls Congress.
None of these are true.
Divided government occurs when the federal government's elected representatives are split equally between the Republicans and the Democrats.
Divided government occurs when one political party controls the presidency and one political party controls Congress.
According to your text, which of the following terms is a label given by critics to the Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act of 2010?
Medicare
Obamacare
Romneycare
Medicaid
Obamacare
According to your text, which Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court supported an expanded role of the national government?
Chief Justice Warren Burger
Chief Justice John Marshall
Chief Justice William Rhenquist
Chief Justice John Roberts
Chief Justice John Marshall
According to your text, which of the following best describes the term "dual federalism?"
A period of time in which the federal government cedes powers to the state governments.
A period of time in which little integration exists between state and federal governments.
A period in which the state and federal governments share powers equally.
A period of time in which state governments are more powerful than the federal government.
A period of time in which little integration exists between state and federal governments.
Which of the following terms best describes the United States Congress?
Cameral
Unicameral
Bicameral
Noncameral
Bicameral
According to your text, which of the following American political institutions allows its members the right to filibuster, or talk for an extended period of time in hope of delaying, modifying, or defeating a proposal?
The United States House of Representatives
No American political institution allows its members the right to filibuster.
The United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate
The United States Senate
The United States Senate
Which article of the United States Constitution establishes (and describes) the legislative powers of Congress?
Article VI
Article III
Article II
Article I
Article I
According to your text, which of the following best describes the partisan (or party membership) makeup of the United States Congress?
Almost all members of Congress in recent times have been Republicans.
Closely divided between Republicans and Democrats
Mostly Democrats with a few Republicans
Mostly Republicans with a few Democrats
Closely divided between Republicans and Democrats
According to your text, how long is the term of office for a federal judge?
Federal judges serve terms of two years
Federal judges serve terms of four years
Federal judges serve terms of six years
Federal judges serve life terms
Federal judges serve life terms
According to your text, which of the following American political institutions only engages in reactive policymaking (as opposed to proactive policymaking)?
The U.S. Senate
The Federal Judiciary
The President of the U.S.
The U.S. House of Representatives
The Federal Judiciary
How many officials in the executive branch of American government are elected directly in national elections?
One
Hundreds of executive branch officials are elected nationally
Two
None of these are true
Two
According to your text, which of the following is another term for informal arrangements such as
subgovernments or issue networks?
Lobbyists
Policy entrepreneurs
Iron Triangles
Bureaucrats
Iron Triangles
According to your text, which of the following is a term which describes a situation in which federal requirements are placed upon state governments without any federal funds allocated to implement the requirements.
Unfunded mandates
Unfair requirements
Unfair mandates
Unfunded requirements
Unfunded mandates
According to your text, which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution reads as follows: "[T]he powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the United States respectively, or to the people."?
The Ninth Amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment
The Tenth Amendment
The
Fourth Amendment
The Tenth Amendment
According to your text, which of the following were the cabinet offices in the original American government?
War, Treasury, and Foreign Affiars
War, Labor, and Commerce
War, Treasury, and Commerce
Treasury, Justice, and Commerce
War, Treasury, and Foreign Affiars
According
to your text, which of the following was the fourth department to be added to the original cabinet of the President of the United States?
Justice
Labor
Veterans' Affairs
Commerce
Justice
According to your text, after which of the following wars did the United States emerge a "superpower" able to take "... a larger role in world affairs."?
The Civil War
The Revolutionary War
World
War II
World War I
World War II
According to your text, which of the following describes why social scientists utilize theory in their work?
Theories help create meaning out of what might otherwise be random and meaningless
Theories help us understand the way things work
All of these describe why social scientists use theory
Theories are abstract representations of the real world
All of these describe why social scientists use theory
Which of the following best descrbies the primary assumption of "elite theory?"
Power in the U.S. political system is widely shared among interest groups.
All of these describe "elite theory."
Structures and rules make a big difference in the kids of policy process that occur.
The values and preferences of the general public are less influential in shaping public policy than those of a smaller, unrepresentative group of people.
The values and preferences of the general public are less influential in shaping public policy than those of a smaller, unrepresentative group of people.
Which of the following theories is a formal way to think about the interrelationships of institutions and policy actors and the role of the larger environment?
Elite Theory
Group Theory
Rational Choice Theory
Political Systems Theory
Political Systems Theory
John Kingdon's description of subgovernments or issue networks is especially relevant to which of the following theories?
Elite Theory
Group Theory
Rational Choice Theory
Political Systems Theory
Elite Theory
Which of the following theories is especially useful to formulate predictions of how agency officials and the objects or targets of policy actions are likely to respond to policy initiatives?
Elite Theory
Group Theory
Political Systems Theory
Rational Choice Theory
Rational Choice Theory
Which of the following theorists are most closely associated with the Advocacy Coalitions Framework?
Baumgartner and Leach
Anderson and McCool
Kingdon and Kraft
Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith
Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith
Which of the following is true of the term "institution?"
It encompasses how people within organizations relate to one another and to those in other organizations
All of these are true
It refers to both the "organizations and the rules used to structure patterns of interaction within and across organizations"
It can have many meanings
All of these are true
According to your text, which of the following best describes rational choice theory?
None of these describe rational choice theory
A rationally sound and qualitatively robust theory
A highly developed and rigorous theory
A methodologically complex and richly developed theoryA
A highly developed and rigorous theory
According to your text, which of the following theories supplies the policy world with terms like "input, demands, support, policy outputs, policy outcomes, and feedback?"
Elite Theory
None of these theories supply the policy world with the identified terms
Political Systems Theory
Rational Choice Theory
Political Systems Theory
Which of the following is not a stage in the Policy Process Model?
Agenda Setting
Policy Change
Policy Implementation
Policy Renumeration
Policy Renumeration
According to your text, which of the following statements best defines the term "policy analysis?"
Science
None of these describe the term "policy analysis"
Political Judgment
Part science and part political judgment
Part science and part political judgment
Your text notes that policy problems may be understood only through the insights of many academic disciplines. Which of the following disciplines is not included in the list cited by your text as contributing to the
understanding of policy problems?
Literary Criticism
Sociology
Economics
Philosophy
Literary Criticism
According to your text, which of the following best describes the process of policy analysis?
Judgment decisions in the political context
None of these describe the process of policy analysis
Political calculus and assessing of damages
Empirical study and normative assessments
Empirical study and normative assessments
According to your text, which of the following is not a step in the policy analysis process?
Defining and analyzing the problem
Assessing the alternatives
Seeking feedback from affected citizens
Drawing conclusions
Seeking feedback from affected citizens
Which of the following steps in the policy analysis process is described by your text as "... perhaps the most important stage in the policy analysis process."?
Assess the alternatives
Draw conclusions
Construct policy alternatives
Develop evaluative criteria
Construct policy alternatives
Which of the following steps in the policy analysis process is referred to by some authors as "... projecting the outcomes..."?
Define and analyze the problem
Construct policy alternatives
Draw conclusions
Assess the alternatives
Assess the alternatives
Which of the following entities is not identified by your text as an entity regularly engaged in producing policy analysis studies?
All of these entities are identified by your text as regularly engaged in
producing policy analysis studies.
Interest groups and independent policy research institutes
State government agencies
Federal executive agencies
All of these entities are identified by your text as regularly engaged in producing policy analysis studies.
Which of the following are identified by your text as motivations for academic policy analysis studies?
Scientific purposes
Political influence
None of these are identified by your text as motivations behind academic policy analysis studies.
Scientific purposes and political influence
Scientific purposes
According to your text, which of the following terms best describes the American Enterprise Institute, as it relates to policy analysis studies?
Professional Orientation
None of these describes the American Enterprise Institute
Political Orientation
Scientific Orientation
Professional Orientation
According to your text, which of the following terms best describes an assistant professor at a research university, as it relates to policy analysis studies?
Political Orientation
None of these describes an assistant professor at a research university as it relates to policy analysis studies
Scientific Orientation
Professional Orientation
Scientific Orientation
According to your text, which of the following terms best describes the National Rifle Association, as it relates to policy analysis studies?
Political Orientation
Professional Orientation
Scientific Orientation
None of these describes the National Rifle Association as it relates to policy analysis studies
Political Orientation
According to your text, which of the following terms best describes the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, as it relates to policy analysis studies?
Professional Orientation
None of these describes the U.S. Chamber of Commerce as it relates to policy analysis studies
Political Orientation
Scientific Orientation
Political Orientation
According to your text, which of the following terms best describes the Brookings Institution, as it relates to policy analysis studies?
Professional Orientation
Scientific Orientation
Political Orientation
None of these describe the Brookings Institution as it relates to policy analysis studies
Professional Orientation
According to your text, which of the following is most likely to include an "executive summary" with their policy analysis studies?
Neither professional nor academic policy analysts are likely to include an "executive summary" with their studies
Professional policy analysts
Both professional and academic policy analysts are likely to include an "executive summary" with their studies
Academic policy analysts
Professional policy analysts
According to your text, which of the following academic policy journals is most likely to focus on ethical aspects of public policy?
Journal of Policy Analysis and Management
Review of Policy Research
Philosophy and Public Affairs
Policy Studies Journal
Philosophy and Public Affairs
According to your text, what does
the beginning of any policy study involve?
A disputed judicial decision.
A politically-charged issue of contention.
A description of a problem.
A contentious legislative debate.
A description of a problem.
According to your text, which of the following is true about most public problems?
Most public problems are simple and straightforward.
Most public problems are not so simple.
All public problems are simple and straightforward.
None of these are true.
Most public problems are not so simple.
According to your text, which of the following is often true with regards to public problems?
Public problems are always easy to understand.
Public problems are often easy to understand.
Public problems are never difficult to understand.
Public problems are often
difficult to understand.
Public problems are often difficult to understand.
Which of the following, according to your text, best defines the term "contextual data?"
Background information
Political motives
Legislative intent
All of these are true
Background information
Which of the following, according to your text, is true with regards to measuring public problems?
Quantitative measures are difficult to find for most contemporary public problems.
Quantitative measures are difficult to understand when it comes to evaluating public policy.
Public policymakers choose not to use quantitative analysis to analyze public problems
Quantitative measures are abundant for most contemporary public problems.
Quantitative measures are abundant for most contemporary public problems.
According to your text, which of the following political scientists stated that there are "no fixed goals" in the policy process?
Deborah Stone
John Kingdon
Dvora Yanov
Paul Sabatier
Deborah Stone
According to your text, which of the following is not a major component of problem analysis?
Repeal the
legislation that created the problem
Think about the problem's causes
Set goals or objectives
Measure the problem
Repeal the legislation that created the problem
Which of the following Internet search tools does your text recommend for collecting information for purposes of problem analysis?
Google
The Onion
Wikipedia
Ask.com
Which of the following authors, according to your text, focused significant attention on the concept of applying creative thinking to policy action?
Patton and Sawicki
Schneider and Ingram
Sabatier and Kingdon
Kraft and Furlong
Patton and Sawicki
Which of the following, according to your text, best describes the process of examining books, journal
articles, Internet sites, and other sources while considering a course of policy action?
Constructing alternatives
Problem definition
Literature review
Thinking about causes and solutions
Literature review
According to your text, which of the following United States Supreme Court Justices said: "A single courageous State may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social
and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country."?
William Taft
Louis Brandeis
William Frankenfurter
John Jay
Louis Brandeis
Which of the following, according to your text, best describes a technique to encourage creative thinking in public policy or in organizational change?
Educated guessing
Brainstorming
Exploring alternatives
Informal
suggestion
Brainstorming
Which of the following, according to your text,
best describes that with which analysts often compare policy alternatives?
Best alternative solution
Ideal situation
Second guess
Common denominator
Ideal situation
According to your text, which of the following is a now defunct
specialized Internet search tool for searching government Web sites?
Google Uncle Sam
Google D.C.
Google USA
Google American Eagle
Google Uncle Sam
According to your text, which of the following states has an especially low seat belt use rate?
New Mexico
New Hampshire
Alabama
North Carolina
New Hampshire
With which of the following criterion for evaluating public policy (according to your text), is the definition below most closely associated?:
"The extent to which public policy extends or restricts privacy and individual rights and choices."
Liberty/Freedom
Social Acceptability
Technical Feasibility
Effectiveness
Liberty/Freedom
With which of the following criterion
for evaluating public policy (according to your text), is the definition below most closely associated?:
"The availability and reliability of technology needed for policy implementation."
Social acceptability
Liberty/Freedom
Efficiency
Technical feasibility
Technical feasibility
With which of the following criterion for evaluating public policy (according to your text), is the
definition below most closely associated?:
"The likelihood that a department or agency can implement the policy well."
Effectuveness
Equity
Technical feasibility
Administrative Feasibility
Administrative Feasibility
With which of the following criterion for evaluating public policy (according to your text), is the definition below most closely associated?:
"Fairness or justice in the
distribution of the policy's costs, benefits, and risks across population subgroups."
Equity
Political Feasibility
Administrative Feasibility
Efficiency
Equity
With which of the following criterion for evaluating public policy (according to your text), is the definition below most closely associated?:
"Likelihood of achieving policy goals and objectives or demonstrated achievement of
them."
Equity
Effectiveness
Political Feasibility
Social Acceptability
Effectiveness
With which of the following criterion for evaluating public policy (according to your text), is the description of "limits to use" (below) most closely associated?:
"Involves projection of available resources and agency behavior that can be difficult to estimate."
Administrative Feasibility
Liberty/Freedom
Equity
Effectiveness
Administrative Feasibility
With which of the following criterion for evaluating public policy (according to your text), is the description of "limits to use" (below) most closely associated?:
"Often difficult to anticipate technological change that would alter feasibility."
Social Acceptability
Technical feasibility
Equity
Effectiveness
Technical feasibility
With which of the following criterion for evaluating public policy (according to your text), is the description of "limits to use" (below) most closely associated?:
"Measuring all costs and benefits is not always possible. Policy decision making reflects political choices as much as efficiency."
Technical Feasibility
Efficiency
Equity
Effectiveness
Efficiency
With which of the following criterion for evaluating public policy (according to your text), is the description of "limits to use" (below) most closely associated?:
"Difficult to determine. Depends on perceptions of the issues and changing economic and political conditions."
Efficiency
Equity
Administrative Feasibility
Political Feasibility
Political Feasibility
With which of the following criterion for evaluating public policy (according to your text), is the description of "limits to use" (below) most closely associated?:
"Estimates involve uncertain projection of future events."
Effectiveness
Political Feasibility
Liberty/Freedom
Equity
Effectiveness
With which of the following
criterion for evaluating public policy (according to your text), is the description of "where most likely used" (below) most closely associated?:
"Civil rights, disability rights, tax equity, access to health services and higher education"
Efficiency
Social Acceptability
Equity
Technical Feasibility
Equity
With which of the following criterion for evaluating public policy (according to
your text), is the description of "where most likely used" (below) most closely associated?:
"Any controversial policy, such as crime control or abortion rights."
Effectiveness
Political Feasibility
Social Acceptability
Liberty/Freedom
Social Acceptability
With which of the following criterion for evaluating public policy (according to your text), is the description of "where most
likely used" (below) most closely associated?:
"Virtually all policy proposals where concern exists over how well government programs work."
Equity
Technical Feasibility
Effectiveness
Liberty/Freedom
Effectiveness
With which of the following criterion for evaluating public policy (according to your text), is the description of "where most likely used" (below) most closely
associated?:
"Regulatory policies, such as workplace safety and environmental protection; consideration of market-based approaches."
Efficiency
Technical Feasibility
Political Feasibility
Social Acceptability
Efficiency
With which of the following criterion for evaluating public policy (according to your text), is the description of "where most likely used" (below) most closely
associated?:
"Proposed national identification cards, restrictions on Internet use, property rights, abortion rights, regulatory actions that constrain choices of corporations and individuals."
Political Feasibility
Equity
Liberty/Freedom
Social Acceptability
Liberty/Freedom
According to your text, how long has the United States been burdened by large federal deficits?
Since the
1950s
Since the 1980s
Since the Great Depression
Since the 1970s
Since the 1980s
Which of the following indices is used by the federal government to measure inflation?
Consumer Price Index or "CPI"
Gross National Product or "GNP"
Real GDP
Gross Domestic Product or "GDP"
Consumer Price Index or "CPI"
Which of the following American political institutions is most directly responsible for implementing fiscal policy?
Congress
The Federal Reserve
The federal bureaucracy
The Judiciary
Congress
Which of the following American political institutions is most responsible for implementing monetary policy?
The federal bureaucracy
The Judiciary
Congress
The Federal
Reserve
The Federal Reserve
The term "open market operations" is most closely associated with which of the following?
Fiscal Policy
Managing federal deficits and debt
The federal budget process
Monetary Policy
Monetary Policy
Which of the following best defines a type of tax that applies the same rate of taxation to all
individuals regardless of their income or socioeconomic standing?
Progressive tax
Reactive tax
Regressive tax
Proactive tax
Regressive tax
Which of the following best defines a type of tax that is based on the philosophy that higher earners should pay higher taxes both in terms of actual dollars and as a percentage of income?
Proactive tax
Regressive tax
Progressive tax
Reactive tax
Progressive tax
Which of the following terms best describes the Congressional Budget Office (or "CBO")?
Nonpartisan
Republican
Partisan
Liberal
Nonpartisan
Which of the following "parts" of the Medicare program are optional?
Part 1
Part A
Part 2
Part B
Part B
Which of the following "parts" of Medicare provides a prescription drug benefit to its recipients?
Part A
Part C
Part D
Part B
Part D
Which of the following programs is best described as state-run (or state-administrated), as opposed to federally-run (or federally-administrated)?
Medicare
None of these can be
described as "state-run" or "state-administered"
Social Security
Medicaid
Medicaid
Which of the following terms best describes the opportunity to take one's health insurance coverage with them when they change jobs?
Coverability
Portability
Security
Insurability
Portability
Which of the following
best describes the program which allows individuals who leave their jobs to remain on the employer's health insurance policy for as long as eighteen months (assuming the employee pays the premiums)?
HMO
SCHIP
HIPAA
COBRA
COBRA
According to your text, which of the following is the leading cause of death in the U.S. (in 2005)?
Heart Disease
Kidney disease
Suicide
Accidents
Heart Disease
Which of the following, according to your text, can be substituted for HMO's (when a wealthier patient finds services provided by HMO's lacking)?
Socialized medicine
Pay-as-you-go
Boutique health care
Preferred provider organizations
Boutique health care
According to your text, the United
States Census
Bureau established the poverty line at what level in 2012 of yearly income for a family
of four?
$23,050
$24,550
$21,250
$16,850
$23,050
According to your text, which of the following U.S. presidents declared a "war on poverty?"
Lyndon Johnson
Jimmy Carter
Richard Nixon
Gerald Ford
Lyndon Johnson
According to your text, which of the following statistical measurements are commonly used by economists to demonstrating a nation's income equality and inequality?
Real Gross National Product
Gini coefficient
Consumer Product Index
Gross Domestic Product
Gini coefficient
According to your text, Social Security was enacted during what "era?"
The New Deal
Era
The Civil Rights Era
The Progressive Era
The Revolutionary War Era
The New Deal Era
According to your text, which of the following is not a category of benefits under the Social Security program?
Medicaid
Retirement
Family
Disability
Medicaid
According to your text, which of the following terms often refers to Social Security?
"Third Rail"
"Pandora's Box"
"Zero-Sum Game"
"Hot Potato"
"Third Rail"
According to your text, by what year will each Social Security benefits recipient be supported by only two workers contributing to the Social Security system?
2020
2040
2030
2050
2040
According to your text, by what year will the Social Security trust funds be depleted (and revenue coming into the program will pay only about 75 percent of the benefits due retirees and other recipients)?
2029
2019
2026
2036
2036
According to your text, public education policy has traditionally been in the hands of policymakers from what type of government?
The
federal government
State and local governments
Non-profit organizations
Foreign governments
State and local governments
According to your text, which of the following acts of Congress established the land-grant college system (which funds higher-education institutions such as Utah State University)?
The Price Act of 1898
The Mason Act of 1900
The Thompson act of 1856
The
Morrill Act of 1862
The Morrill Act of 1862
According to your text, which of the following is a traditional source of education funding in the United States?
Excise tax revenue
Oil and natural gas tax revenue
Property tax revenue
Sales tax revenue
Property tax revenue
According to your text, which of the following figures of historical significance believed education to "... provide[] an avenue to ensure the continuation of U.S. democracy?"
Theodore Roosevelt
Thomas Jefferson
Abraham Lincoln
Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Jefferson
According to your text, which of the following programs is/are designed or intended to improve schools by promoting competition among schools?
School voucher
programs
School choice and school vouchers programs
School choice programs
Neither school choice nor school voucher programs
School choice and school vouchers programs
Which of the following public educational programs, according to your text, was adopted under the Obama Administration?
All of these were adopted during the Obama Administration
Race to the Top
The Morrill Land
Grant Act
No Child Left Behind
Race to the Top
According to your text, the costs of higher education have recently been rising ________?
Lower than inflation
None of these are true
Higher than inflation
About equal to inflation
Higher than inflation
According to your text, which of the following acts of Congress established the land-grant college system (which funds higher-education institutions such as Utah State University)?
The Thompson Act of 1856
The Morrill Act of 1862
The Mason Act of 1900
The Price Act of 1898
The Morrill Act of 1862
According to your text, which of the following is a traditional source of education funding in the United States?
Oil and natural gas
lease revenue
Property tax revenue
Excise tax revenue
Sales tax revenue
Property tax revenue
According to your text, which of the following clauses of the First Amendment's protections of freedom of religion relate to prayer in public schools?
The Free Exercise Clause
Neither the Establishment Clause nor the Free Exercise Clause
Both the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise
Clause
The Establishment Clause
Both the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause
According to your text, which of the following programs is/are designed or intended to improve schools by promoting competition among schools?
School choice and school vouchers programs
School voucher programs
School choice programs
Neither school choice nor school vouchers programs
School choice and school vouchers programs
According to your text, what position to organizations representing teachers, such as the National Education Association and the American Federation of Teachers, take towards testing requirements?
These groups are indifferent towards testing requirements.
These groups do not support testing requirements.
These groups strongly support testing requirements.
None
of these are true.
These groups do not support testing requirements.
According to your text, which U.S. President believed that education provides an avenue to ensure the continuation of U.S. democracy?
James Madison
John Kennedy
Abraham Lincoln
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson
During which presidential administration was the controversial No Child Left Behind Act enacted by Congress?
The Bush (II) Administration
The Reagan Administration
The Clinton Administration
The Nixon Administration
The Bush (II) Administration
According to your text, which level(s) of government has/have traditionally been most responsible for public education?
Federal government
Federal government and
state/local governments
Neither the federal government nor state/local governments
State/local governments
State/local governments
Which of the following acts of Congress does your text identify as the "first major education legislation?"
The No Child Left Behind Act
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The Morrill Act
The National Assessment of Educational Progress Act
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act
According to your text, which of the following United States Supreme Court cases involves a challenge to prayer at a school-sponsored football game?
Engel v. Vitale
Kraft v. Furlong
Sante Fe Independent School District v. Doe
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
Sante Fe Independent School District v. Doe
According to your text, which of the following United States Supreme Court cases marks the beginning of consistent rulings against school-sponsored prayer?
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
Engel v. Vitale
Sante Fe Independent School District v. Doe
Kraft v. Furlong
Engel v. Vitale
According to your text, which of the following professions has the highest median salary (as of 2008)?
Teacher
Computer Scientist
Electrical Engineer
Accountant
Computer Scientist
According to your text, which of the following professions has the lowest median salary, as of 2008?
Chemical engineer
Accountant
Mathematician
Teacher
Teacher
According to your text (citing State Higher
Education Executive Officers), what happened to per pupil educational appropriations in Utah (as a percentage of change) between 2005 and 2010?
Per pupil educational appropriations remained constant during this time period
Per pupil educational appropriations increased during this time period
Per pupil educational appropriations did not change at all during this time period
Per pupil educational appropriations decreased during this time period
Per pupil educational appropriations decreased during this time period
According to your text (citing the U.S. Census Bureau), which of the following individuals earn the lowest mean salary (as of 2010)?
Males with bachelor's degree or more
Females with a high school diploma
Females without a high school diploma
Males without a high school diploma
Females without a high school diploma
According to your text, which American news outlet remarked that the energy components of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act would have amounted to "the biggest energy bill in history," had they been a stand-along measure of legislation?
The Wall Street Journal
The New York Times
The New York Post
The Washington Post
The New York Times
According to your text, the League of Conservation Voters compiles which of the following, as a record of members' votes on environment-related bills in Congress?
National Environmental Track Record
National Environmental Examination
National Environmental Scorecard
National Environmental Litmus Test
National Environmental Scorecard
According to your text, which of the following best represents the George W. Bush Administration's position with respect to fossil fuels and their relationship to the nation's energy demands?
The U.S. should use and develop other sources of energy to meet the nation's growing energy demands.
None of these are true.
The U.S. should increase the use of fossil fuels to meet the nation's growing energy demands
The Bush Administration had no position with respect to the use of fossil fuels and meeting the nation's energy demands.
The U.S. should increase the use of fossil fuels to meet the nation's growing energy demands
In what year did the "Earth Summit" take place?
1990
2002
2005
1992
1992
According to your text, which of the following was the first National Park created by Congress?
Arches National Park
Grand Canyon National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Yosemite National Park
Yellowstone National Park
According to your text, which of the following federal agencies was the first to be created by Congress?
Both the U.S. Forest Service and the National Park Service were created in the same year.
There is no such thing as the U.S. Forest Service and the National Park Service
The U.S. Forest Service
The National Park Service
The U.S. Forest Service
According to your text, which of the following states is not part of Yellowstone National Park?
Colorado
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
According to your text, which of the following natural disasters most notably contributed to the expanded conservation policies of the New Deal under President Roosevelt?
A series of devastating tornedos
An unusually large hurricane
An unseasonable freeze
The Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl
According to your text, what is the title of Rachel Carson's influential book that drew the public's attention to environmental policy in the early 1960s?
"Desert Solitaire"
"Silent Spring"
"Animal Farm"
"Unsafe at Any Speed"
"Silent Spring"
According to your text, what was the result of the Reagan Administration's efforts to roll back environmental policy during the 1980s?
The major U.S. environmental laws became diluted
A weakening of the major U.S. environmental laws
A strengthening of the major U.S. environmental laws
The major U.S. environmental laws stayed the same
A strengthening of the major U.S. environmental laws
According to your text, which U.S. president created the Environmental Protection Agency?
Jimmy Carter
Bill Clinton
Ronald Regan
Richard Nixon
Richard Nixon
Which of the following statutes does your text describe as what might appear to constitute a coherent national policy on environmental policy?
The National Environmental Policy Act
The Endangered Species Act
The Clean Air Act
The Clean Water Act
The National Environmental Policy Act
According to your text, the concept of "environmental stewardship" became popular in which century?
The Twentieth Century
The Eighteenth Century
The Nineteenth Century
The Twenty-First Century
The Twentieth Century
According to your text, which of the following federal agencies administers the Endangered Species Act for land-based species?
The U.S. Forest Service
The U.S. Endangered Species Service
The Bureau of Land Management
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
hich of the following U.S. presidents, according to your text, declared that the United States was "addicted to oil...?"
Bill Clinton
George W. Bush
Ronald Reagan
Barack Obama
George W. Bush
According to your text, which of the following agencies was replaced by the Central Intelligence Agency ("CIA") in 1947?
1. The Federal Bureau of Investigation
2. The Office of Strategic Services
3. The National Security Council
4. The National Security Agency
The Office of Strategic Services
According to your text, which American president was instrumental in the passage of the Medicare program?
1. Lyndon B. Johnson
2. Dwight D. Eisenhower
3. Harry S. Truman
4. Richard M. Nixon
Lyndon B. Johnson
According to your text, which of the following is an internationally recognized "nuclear weapons state?"
1. Brazil
2. Australia
3. France
4. Japan
France
According to your text, which of the following describes an international agreement on climate change that exempts developing nations from a requirement imposed on industrialized nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
1. The Earth First Pact
2. The World Summit
3. The Kyoto Protocol
4. The Earth Summit
The Kyoto Protocol
According to your text, which of the following is the "most important of the UN policymaking bodies?"
1. The Warsaw Pact
2. The UN Security Council
3. NATO
4. The World Trade Organization
The UN Security Council
According to your text, which of the following best describes the combination of "... a specification of policy goals as well as the means used to achieve them..."
1. Implementation
2. Policymaking
3. Agenda Setting
4. Feedback
Policymaking
According to your text, which of the following happens when policy actors "... have differing views about the substance of public policies or whether government intervention is justifiable at all."
1. Conflict
2. Compromise
3. Persuasion
4. Policymaking
Conflict
Which of the following terms best describes "Blackwater USA"?
1. U.S. Military Service Branch
2. Foreign Military Power
3. Civilian Police Force
4.Private Contractor
Private Contractor
According to your text, which of the following organizations is the historical counterpart to NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?
1. The Warsaw Pact
2. The Soviet Union
3. The North Atlantic Alliance
4. The Marshall Plan
The Warsaw Pact
According to your text, which of the following is true of public policy change "most of the time...?"
1. Change occurs in small steps
2. Change is drastic and far reaching
3. Change rarely happens
4. Change is unpredictable and difficult to quantify
Change occurs in small steps
The Center on Education Policy, which has studied and evaluated the No Child Left Behind Legislation, claims to be which of the following?
1. None of these are true
2. Nonpartisan
3. Democrat-oriented
4. Republican-oriented
Nonpartisan
According to your text, which of the following terms best describes: "a hardheaded or practical appraisal of national interests that emphasizes competition among nation states?"
1. Perestroika
2. Political Capitalism
3. Realpolitik
4. Schadenfreude
Realpolitik
According to your text, who chairs the National Security Council?
1. The Vice-President of the United States
2. The current highest ranking general in the U.S. Armed Forces
3. The Secretary of State
4. The President of the United States
The President of the United States
According to your text, which of the following is a usual attender of the National Security Council meetings?
1. The Secretary of Labor
2. The Secretary of the Treasury
3. The Secretary of Veterans' Affairs
4. The Secretary of Health and Human Services
The Secretary of the Treasury
Which of the following does your text identify as the "dominant style" of policymaking in the U.S. political system?
1. Liberal policymaking
2. Incremental policymaking
3. Radical policymaking
4. Conservative policymaking
Incremental policymaking
According to your text, by what year will Social Security benefits that must be paid out exceed the program's revenue from current workers?
1. 2019
2. 2027
3. 2017
4. 2041
2027
Which of the following U.S. presidents, according to your text, did not follow the prevailing pattern of "policy gridlock," in relation to energy policy, during their presidency?
1. Gerald Ford
2. George W. Bush
3. Jimmy Carter
4. Richard Nixon
George W. Bush
Which of the following U.S. political offices is not identified by your text as one of the most important policy actors responsible for American foreign policy?
1. Secretary of State
2. National Security Advisor
3. Speaker of the House of Representatives
4. President
Speaker of the House of Representatives
According to your text, which of the following terms best describes the Obama Administration's perspectives and priorities on the subject of environmental policy versus the Bush Administration's perspectives and priorities on the subject of environmental policy?
1. Strikingly different
2. Marginally different
3. More or less the same
4. Incredibly similar
Strikingly different
Which of the following does your text identify as a "good example of forward-looking and wide-ranging policymaking?"
1. The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
2. The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993
3. The 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development
4. The National Academy of Public Administration of 2000
The 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development
Which of the following is not identified by your text as a federal agency responsible for foreign and defense
policy?
Federal Bureau of Investigation ("FBI")
Central Intelligence Agency
("CIA")
Department of Defense ("DOD")
Department of Homeland Security ("DHS")
Federal Bureau of Investigation ("FBI")
Which of the following terms best describes "Blackwater USA"?
Civilian Police Force
Foreign Military Power
Private Contractor
U.S. Military Service Branch
Private Contractor
Which of the
following U.S. political offices is not identified by your text as one of the most important policy
actors responsible for American foreign policy?
Speaker of the House of Representatives
Secretary of State
President
National Security Advisor
Speaker of the House of Representatives
According to your text, who chairs the National Security Council?
The VicePresident
of the United States
The
Secretary of State
The current highest ranking general in the U.S. Armed Forces
The President of the United States
The President of the United States
According to your text, which of the following is a usual attender of the National Security Council meetings?
The Secretary of Labor
The Secretary of Veterans' Affairs
The Secretary of the Treasury
The Secretary of Health and Human
Services
The Secretary of the Treasury
According to your text, which of the following terms best describes: "a hardheaded or practical appraisal of
national interests that emphasizes competition among nation states?"
Schadenfreude
Perestroika
Realpolitik
Political Capitalism
Realpolitik
According to your text,
which of the following organizations is the historical counterpart to NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?
The Warsaw Pact
The Soviet Union
The South Atlantic Treaty Alliance
The Marshall Plan
Question
The Warsaw Pact
According to your text, which of the following is the "most important of the UN policymaking bodies?"
NATO
The Warsaw Pact
The World Trade Organization
The UN
Security Council
The UN Security Council
According to your text, which of the following is an internationally recognized "nuclear weapons state?"
Brazil
Japan
France
Australia
France
According to your text, which of the following agencies was replaced by the Central Intelligence Agency
("CIA") in 1947?
The
Federal Bureau of Investigation
The National Security Council
The Office of Strategic Services
The National Security Agency
The Office of Strategic Services
According to your text, which of the following best describes the combination of "... a specification of policy
goals as well as the means used to achieve them..."
Agenda
Setting
Policymaking
Implementation
Feedback
Question
Policymaking
According to your text, which of the following happens when policy actors "... have differing views about the
substance of public policies or whether government intervention is justifiable at all."
Conflict
Compromise
Policymaking
Persuasion
Conflict
According to your text, which of the following is true of public policy change "most of the time...?"
Change is drastic and far reaching
Change occurs in small steps
Change rarely happens
Change is unpredictable and difficult to quantify
Change occurs in small steps
Which of the following does your text identify as the "dominant style" of policymaking in the U.S.
political
system?
Incremental policymaking
Conservative policymaking
Liberal policymaking
Radical policymaking
Incremental policymaking
Which of the following does your text identify as a "good example of forward looking and wide-ranging policy making?"
The National Academy of Public Administration of 2000
The 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development
The Government
Performance and Results Act of 1993
The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
The 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development
According to your text, which of the following federal departments did Congressional Republicans want to
abolish during the mid1990s?
The Department of Labor
The Department of Commerce
The Department of Education
The Department of Justice
The Department of Education
Which of the following is not emphasized by your text as an "evaluative criteria" for public policy?
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Economy
Environmentalist
Environmentalist
According to your text, which of the following U.S. Presidents (while campaigning for office) pledged to "make
government cool
again?"
John Kennedy
Bill Clinton
George W. Bush
Barack Obama
Barack Obama
According to your text, which of the following best describes "Common Cause?"
Labor organization
Citizen group
Legislative subcommittee
Bureaucracy
Citizen group
According to your text, which of the following may contribute to
raising public participation in the future?
Wall Street reform
The real estate crisis
Advancements in technology
Deregulation in the financial markets
Advancements in technology