When a decision involves satisficing This means that quizlet?

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Terms in this set (31)

Decision

Choice made from available alternatives

Decision Making

The process of identifying problems and opportunities and then resolving them.

Programmed Decisions

- Rules developed from frequent occurrences
- Response to recurring organizational problems

Nonprogrammed Decisions

- Unique, poorly defined and unstructured
- Important consequences

Certainty

all the information is fully available

Risk

- Decision has clear goals
- Information is available
- Future outcomes are subject to chance

Uncertainty

- Managers know which goals they wish to achieve
- Information is incomplete
- May need to develop creative alternatives

Ambiguity

- Goals to be achieved or the problem to be solved is unclear
- Alternatives are difficult to define
- Information about outcomes is unavailable

Three Decision-Making Models

1. Classical Model
2. Administrative Model
3. Political Model

Assumptions:

- Operates to accomplish goals that are known and agreed upon
- Strives for condition of certainty - gathers complete information
- Criteria for alternatives are known
- Decision maker is rational and uses logic

Strives for condition of certainty

Gathers complete information

Normative

Describes how a manager should and provides guidelines for reaching an ideal decision

Administrative Model (How managers make "difficult" decisions)

- Bounded rationality: people have limits or boundaries on how rational they can be
- Satisficing: means that decision makers choose the first solution alternative that satisfies minimal decision criteria

Bounded rationality (Administrative Model (How managers make "difficult" decisions))

People have limits or boundaries on how rational they can be

Satisficing (Administrative Model (How managers make "difficult" decisions))

Means that decision makers choose the first solution alternative that satisfies minimal decision criteria

Administrative Model (contd.)

- Decision goals often are vague, conflicting and lack consensus among managers
- Rational procedures are not always used
- Managers' searches for alternatives are limited
- Managers settle for a satisficing rather than a maximizing solution

Descriptive is how managers actually make decisions (Administrative Model (contd.))

Not how they should.

Intuition (Administrative Model (contd.))

When managers lean on past experiences.

Political Model

- Closely resembles the real environment in which most managers and decision makers operate
- Useful in making non-programmed decisions
- Decisions are complex and involve people and information
- Disagreement and conflict over problems and solutions are normal

Coalition (Political Model)

Informal alliance among manages who support a specific goal

Analysis of Causes

Managers make a mistake if they jump into generating alternatives without first exploring the cause of the problem more deeply

Diagnosis

Analyze underlying causal factors

Underlying Causes Kepner /Tregoe

- What is the state of disequilibrium affecting us?
- When did it occur?
- Where did it occur?
- How did it occur?
- To whom did it occur?
- What is the urgency of the problem?
- What is the interconnectedness of events?
- What result came from which activity?

Evaluate Risk Propensity

Using managerial, administrative, and persuasive abilities to translate alternative into action

Implement Alternative

Using managerial, administrative, and persuasive abilities to translate alternative into action

Evaluation and Feedback

How well was the decision implemented? Was it effective in achieving the goal?

Personal Decision Framework

Not all managers make decisions the same.
- Directive style
- Analytical style
- Conceptual style
- Behavioral style

Directive Style

- People who prefer simple, clear-cut solutions to problems
- Make decisions quickly
- May consider only one or two alternatives
- Efficient and rational
- Prefer rules or procedures

Analytical Style

- Complex solutions based on as much data as they can gather
- Carefully consider alternatives
- Base decision on objective, rational data
- Search for best possible decision based on information available

Conceptual Style

- More socially oriented
- Consider others about the problem and possible solutions
- Consider many broad alternatives and information
- Rely on information from people and systems
- Solve problems creatively

Behavioral Style

- Deep concern for others
- Talk to people one-on-one
- Understand individual feelings about the problem and possible effects
- Concerned with the personal development of others
- Decisions to help others achieve their goals

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Verified questions

ADVANCED MATH

What integer does each of the following one's complement representations of length five represent? a) 11001, b) 01101, c) 10001, d) 11111.

Verified answer

ADVANCED MATH

Let p and q be odd primes with $p \equiv q \equiv 3$ (mod 4) and let a be a quadratic residue of n = pq. Show that exactly one of the four incongruent square roots of a modulo pq is a quadratic residue of n.

Verified answer

ADVANCED MATH

Use the theory of congruences to verify that $89 | 2^{44}-1 \quad$ and $\quad 97 | 2^{48}-1$

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ADVANCED MATH

Examine the proof of the Urysohn lemma, and show that for given r, $f^{-1}(r)=\bigcap_{p>r} U_{p}-\bigcup_{q<r} U_{q}$ p, q rational.

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What does it mean when a decision involves satisficing?

Satisficing is a decision-making strategy that aims for a satisfactory or adequate result, rather than the optimal solution. Instead of putting maximum exertion toward attaining the ideal outcome, satisficing focuses on pragmatic effort when confronted with tasks.

What is the meaning of satisficing quizlet?

Satisficing refers to: the tendency to choose an alternative that is good enough rather than the best.

Which of the following best describes satisficing?

Which of the following best describes satisficing? Decision makers search only until they find an alternative that meets some minimum standard of sufficiency.

What is a decision quizlet?

Decision. A choice made from among available alternatives. Decision making. The process of identifying and choosing alternative courses of action.