Which geographic feature marks the easternmost edge of islam under the umayyads?

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Terms in this set (28)

8.1 What was the role that the angel Gabriel gave Muhammad?

- He was to be the messenger of God

8.1 Where is Mecca located?

-

8.1 Where is Medina located?

-

8.1 For what reason to the Muslims consider the Quran sacred?

- They believe that is contains the sacred word of God as revealed to Muhammad

8.1 What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

- Make a declaration of faith
- Pray 5 times daily
- Give charity to the poor
- Fast from sunrise to sunset during the month of Ramadan
- Make the pilgrimage to Mecca, if able

8.2 How did Islam expand under the Umayyads?

- Trade and cultural exchange

8.2 What is the order of leaders of Islam after Muhammad's death?

- Abu Bakr
- Omar
- Othman
- Ali

8.2 What is the geographic feature that marks the easternmost edge of Islam under the Umayyads?

- The Indus River Valley

8.2 How did the Umayyads treat conquered peoples of other faiths?

- Imposed a special tax on nonmuslims but allowed them to practice their own faiths and follow their own religious customs to a limited degree within those restrictions

8.3 What mathematical innovation was achieved by the early Muslim caliphates?

- The invention of algebra

8.4 How did the Ottoman leader Suleiman practice diplomacy?

- He practiced diplomacy in advancing deeper into Europe and did this by combining diplomacy and warfare

8.4 In what way could Christian men in the Ottoman empire advance through social and political ranks?

- The Ottomans levied a "tax" on Christian families in the Balkans, requiring them to turn over their young sons for government service
- These boys were converted to Islam and put into rigorous military training at the place school.
- The best soldiers won a prized place in the elite force of the Ottoman army
- The brightest students received a special education and had the potential to have a high political and social status.

8.4 In what ways did the Ottomans benefit from the expelled Spanish Jews?

- Before they had been expelled, they brought international banking connections with them, plus a new technology for making cloth that helped the Ottoman empire finance its expansion.

8.7 What evidence is there that the location of East Africa on the coast influenced culture?

- Because the kingdom of Axum was located on the coast, it became a hub of trade in East Africa, which lead to a merging of cultures that gave rise to a unique written and spoken language, Geez

8.6 Why did Ghana become powerful and wealthy?

- Control of the gold-salt trade

8.6 Why did Ghana incorporate Muslim values?

- Because Muslim merchants and traders came to play an important role in the kingdom

8.7 What were the characteristics of the city of Axum before A.D. 600?

- After 100 B.C., the kingdom of Axum expanded across the northern Ehtiopian highlands.
- By A.D. 1, Axum had gained control of the Red Sea Coast
- By A.D. 400, the kingdom commanded a triangular trade network

8.7 What were the attitudes of East African rulers toward Arab and Persian merchants in the 600's?

- They didn't mind them and even liked them because they enriched East Africa

8.5 What were some significant aspects of Muslim domination of North African cities in the 690's?

- Islam spread peacefully
- Traders of different beliefs were in business contact with one another
- Islam eventually became the dominant religion in many regions of Africa

8.5 In what ways did Islam spread across North Africa?

- Muslim Arabs conquered and occupied the cities of North Africa
- Traders and merchants of various religious beliefs interacted with one another

8.5 What geographic feature encouraged the expansion of civilization in North Africa?

- North Africa is located on the coast

8.5 What items did Nubia trade to the Mediterranean and Asia?

- Gold
- Ivory
- Animal skins
- Perfumes
- Slaves

8.5 What important natural resources led to the economic and political strength of Meroe?

- Iron ore
- Timber

8.8 What social factor gave people a sense of community and shared responsibility in medieval African culture?

- Belonging to a particular family, lineage, or clan

8.7 What is the importance of the architectural ruins at Great Zimbabwe?

- Gives us information about coastal city-states

8.7 What do the architectural ruins at Great Zimbabwe tell us about African civilization?

- That trading was important in it

8.7 What was the Impact of the spread of Islam and Christianity throughout Africa?

- Architectural influences and civil war

8.8 What were the roles of brothers and sons in Africa's matrillineal cultures?

- Brothers were expected to protect their sisters
- Sons were expected to help their mother's brothers whenever needed

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