Psychology: Themes and Variations
10th EditionWayne Weiten
180 solutions
Psychology
1st EditionArlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins
580 solutions
Psychology
11th EditionC. Nathan DeWall, David G Myers
359 solutions
Psychology
12th EditionC. Nathan DeWall, David G Myers
366 solutions
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Terms in this set (20)
The results of Pavlov's experiment in which he observed how a dog responded to familiar sounds associated with its feeding time is an example of ...
neutral stimulus.
classical conditioning.
stimulus discrimination.
second order conditioning.
classical conditioning
The benefit of intermittent reinforcement is that it can produce lasting behaviors with ______ reinforcements.
fixed
fewer
more
continuous
fewer
First order conditioning can help explain which of the following?
dyslexia
extroversion
fears and phobias
Alzheimer's
fears and phobias
Which of the following best describes operant conditioning?
behaviors are either repeated or discontinued based on the consequences they produce
reinforcing consequences are naturally or biologically reinforcing
aversive stimulus is removed from a situation
a reinforcer acquires association with primary reinforcers
behaviors are either repeated or discontinued based on the consequences they produce
Our learning can be sped up through a procedure called ...
stimulus generalization.
shaping.
extinction.
stimulus discrimination.
shaping
In order to duplicate a behavior, what is the first step in the observational learning process?
motivation
reproduction
attention
retention
attention
A stimulus that does not produce the desired response is known as what type of stimulus?
reflex
neutral
unconditoned
conditioned
neutral
"If an aversive situation is presented, a person usually experiences anxiety, or even fear. If the person is able to escape from that situation, the anxiety subsides." This statement best describes which of the following?
negative stimulus
positive reinfocement
extinction
negative reinforcement
negative reinforcement
Which choice best predicts if a behavior will be repeated in the future?
if only positive reinforcement is present
if there is no reinforcement present, only personal decision making
if both negative and positive reinforcement are present
if only negative reinforcement is present
if both negative and positive reinforcement are present
In second order conditioning, a new neutral stimulus is associated with what?
the original unconditioned stimulus
a previous conditioned stimulus
the previous conditioned response
the previous unconditioned response
previous conditioned stimulus
Which of the following examples best represents someone abiding by the Law of Effect?
a person who begins to exercise after they discover it makes them sleep better
a person who begins to exercise out of obligation
a person who begins to exercise, even though they do not enjoy the way it feels
a person who is continually trying out new scenarios, ignoring the outcomes
a person who begins to exercise after they discover it makes them sleep better
What is the fundamental difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
There is no difference; the two operate together.
Operant conditioning occurs when two stimuli or events become associated with each other, whereas classical conditioning occurs when behaviors become associated with their consequences.
Classical conditioning occurs when two stimuli or events become associated with each other, whereas operant conditioning occurs when behaviors become associated with their consequences.
Classical conditioning is considered more beneficial than operant conditioning.
Classical conditioning occurs when two stimuli or events become associated with each other, whereas operant conditioning occurs when behaviors become associated with their consequences.
Which of the following best describes the process of stimulus discrimination?
no behavior is triggered due to inadequate stimulation
reinforcing a behavior only triggered by a specific signal
a behavior is triggered by the initial stimulus
a behavior occurs as response to many similar stimuli
reinforcing a behavior only triggered by a specific signal
Behaviors reinforced based on the average number of responses is an example of a ...
variable ratio schedule.
fixed interval schedule.
fixed ratio schedule.
variable interval schedule.
variable ratio schedule.
f a previous behavior is no longer reinforced, it will become less frequent and eventually stop. What is this called?
escape
punishment
negative reinforcement
extinction
extinction
According to psychologist Albert Bandura, the four stages of vicarious learning are attention, retention, reproduction, and ...
digression.
discrimination.
motivation.
certainty.
motivation
The event that, when paired with unconditioned stimulus, results in desired response is best defined as ...
stimulus discrimination.
spontaneous recovery.
neutral stimulus.
conditioned stimulus.
conditioned stimulus
A fixed interval schedule produces ...
slower response rates with short pauses in responding after each reinforcement.
slower response rates with long pauses in responding after each reinforcement.
faster response rates with short pauses in responding after each reinforcement.
faster response rates with long pauses in responding after each reinforcement.
...
When responses occur only with original stimulus, this is called ...
first order conditioning.
stimulus generalization.
higher order conditioning.
stimulus discrimination.
Confirm answer
stimulus discrimination.
What is an event that comes before and triggers a behavior?
an antecedent
a reinforcement
a consequence
a punishment
an antecedent
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Verified questions
QUESTION
Researchers wanted to find out if eating cookies would increase a person's ability to remember the names of U.S presidents. Thirty males and 30 females were used in the experiment. A third of these people (Group A) were given cookies while studying the names. Another third (Group B) were given nothing while studying the names. The final third (Group C) were given mint-flavored candy while studying the names. After gathering all their results, the researchers found that Group A did substantially better than Group B, but about the same as Group C. Which of the following is the best conclusion for this study? a. Eating cookies will always improve memory recall. b. Eating cookies tends to improve memory recall. c. Eating cookies or mint candy tends to improve memory recall. d. Eating nothing is associated with poor concentration. e. Eating mint-flavored candy will always improve memory recall.
Verified answer
QUESTION
A split from reality that shows itself in disorganized speech, disturbed perceptions, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression is associated with witch psychological disorder? a. Schizophrenia. b. Phobias. c. Depressive disorders. d. Bipolar disorder. e. Anxiety disorders.
Verified answer
QUESTION
Which of the following is the best term or phrase for the body’s resting rate of energy expenditure? a. Hunger. b. Set point. c. Basal metabolic rate. d. Body chemistry. e. Settling point.
Verified answer
PSYCHOLOGY
Did the results of Watson and Rayner’s experiment support their hypothesis? Explain.
Verified answer
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