Home Health & Medicine Anatomy & Physiology Alternate titles: chondriosome, mitochondria Show
Top Questions What is a mitochondrion?What do the mitochondria do?Where are the mitochondria found?Summary Read a brief summary of this topicmitochondrion, membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic cells (cells with clearly defined nuclei), the primary function of which is to generate large quantities of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondria are typically round to oval in shape and range in size from 0.5 to 10 μm. In addition to producing energy, mitochondria store calcium for cell signaling activities, generate heat, and mediate cell growth and death. The number of mitochondria per cell varies widely—for example, in humans, erythrocytes (red blood cells) do not contain any mitochondria, whereas liver cells and muscle cells may contain hundreds or even thousands. The only eukaryotic organism known to lack mitochondria is the oxymonad Monocercomonoides species. Mitochondria are unlike other cellular organelles in that they have two distinct membranes and a unique genome and reproduce by binary fission; these features indicate that mitochondria share an evolutionary past with prokaryotes (single-celled organisms). Most of the proteins and other molecules that make up mitochondria originate in the cell nucleus. However, 37 genes are contained in the human mitochondrial genome, 13 of which produce various components of the electron transport chain (ETC). In many organisms, the mitochondrial genome is inherited maternally. This is because the mother’s egg cell donates the majority of cytoplasm to the embryo, and mitochondria inherited from the father’s sperm are usually destroyed. Role in energy productionThe outer mitochondrial membrane is freely permeable to small molecules and contains special channels capable of transporting large molecules. In contrast, the inner membrane is far less permeable, allowing only very small molecules to cross into the gel-like matrix that makes up the organelle’s central mass. The matrix contains the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the mitochondrial genome and the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle), which metabolizes nutrients into by-products the mitochondrion can use for energy production.  Britannica Quiz Parts of a Cell Quiz What is the thin layer that forms the outer boundary of a cell? Where is the site of photosynthesis in a plant cell? Test your knowledge. Take this quiz. The processes that convert these by-products into energy occur primarily on the inner membrane, which is bent into folds known as cristae that house the protein components of the main energy-generating system of cells, the ETC. The ETC uses a series of oxidation-reduction reactions to move electrons from one protein component to the next, ultimately producing free energy that is harnessed to drive the phosphorylation of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to ATP. This process, known as chemiosmotic coupling of oxidative phosphorylation, powers nearly all cellular activities, including those that generate muscle movement and fuel brain functions.
Subtopic: Mitochondria | To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh Please attempt this question first. Endoplasmic reticulumn bearing ribosomes on their surface is called (1)Rough endoplasmic reticulumn (2)Smooth endoplasmic reticulumn (3)Lomasomes (4)None of these
Subtopic: Intro to Endomembrane System: Endoplasmic Reticulum | To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh Please attempt this question first. Which of the following is true about SER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum), except 1. Ribosomes are absent 2. Actively involved in protein synthesis 3. Steroidal hormone synthesis site 4. Both A and C
Subtopic: Intro to Endomembrane System: Endoplasmic Reticulum | To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh Please attempt this question first. Which of the following is not a modification of endoplasmic reticulum 1. Sarcoplasmic reticulum 2. Nissl’s granules 3. myeloid bodies 4. None of these
Subtopic: Intro to Endomembrane System: Endoplasmic Reticulum | To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh Please attempt this question first.
Ergastoplasm is a modification of 1. RER 2. SER 3. GB 4. None of these
Subtopic: Intro to Endomembrane System: Endoplasmic Reticulum | To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh Please attempt this question first. Plastids are present in 1. Plants 2. Euglenoides 3. Both A and B 4. all protists
Subtopic: Plastids | To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh Please attempt this question first. Based on the type of pigments plastids can be classified into how many classes 1. 3 2. 4 3. 2 4. 1
Subtopic: Plastids | To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh Please attempt this question first. All the three types of plastids have evolved from (1)Pro-plastid (2)chloroplast (3)chromoplast (4)leucoplast
Subtopic: Plastids | To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh Please attempt this question first. The type of leucoplast which stores oils and fats is (1)amyloplast (2)aleuroplast (3)elaioplast (4)chromoplast
Subtopic: Plastids | To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh Please attempt this question first. The incorrect match is (1)Elaioplast- lipids (2)amyloplast-starch (3)aleuroplast-carbohydrates (4)chromoplast-carotenoids
Subtopic: Plastids | To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh To view explanation, please take trial in the course below. NEET 2023 - Target Batch - Aryan Raj Singh Please attempt this question first. Which of the following is not true for mitochondria?Electron transfer chain occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane. So, the enzymes are embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria, not the outer membrane. This is an incorrect fact about mitochondria.
Which of the following best defines mitochondria?Definition. Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
What is true of a mitochondrial membrane?Mitochondria are surrounded by a double-membrane system, consisting of inner and outer mitochondrial membranes separated by an intermembrane space (Figure 10.1). The inner membrane forms numerous folds (cristae), which extend into the interior (or matrix) of the organelle.
Does the mitochondria generate ATP?Most of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesized during glucose metabolism is produced in the mitochondria through oxidative phosphorylation.
|
Which of the following is true of mitochondria
Related Posts
Copyright © 2024 SignalDuo Inc.
