Industrialization is the social and economic transformation of society from an agrarian to an industrial economy. From about 1760 to 1840, the United States underwent industrialization, a period better known as the Industrial Revolution. During this time, labor and processes traditionally performed by hand were replaced by new machines that could perform tasks more efficiently. Show
Although new methods and machinery simplified work and increased output, industrialization introduced new problems as well. Some of the drawbacks included air and water pollution and soil contamination that resulted in a significant deterioration of quality of life and life expectancy. Industrialization also exacerbated the separation of labor and capital. Those who owned the means of production became disproportionately rich, resulting in wider income inequality. Industrialization impacted society in other ways. Workers were forced leave their families and migrate to urban areas in search of jobs. They worked long hours, were poorly nourished and lived in overcrowded conditions, which led to disease and stress. Key Takeaways
Environmental DisadvantagesOne negative byproduct of industrialization is environmental pollution that can adversely impact human health. When companies do not pay tor the environmental damage they cause, or when these harms are not captured in pricing, this is considered a negative externality. The cost burden is placed on human society in the form of deforestation, extinction of species, widespread pollution, excessive waste and other forms of environmental degradation. In the U.S, President Richard Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to push for environmental standards and seek ways to minimize the impact that industries have on the environment. Financial DisadvantagesIndustrialization results in a wider gap between the rich and poor due to a division of labor and capital. Those who own capital tend to accumulate excessive profits derived from their economic activities, resulting in a higher disparity of income and wealth. Social DisadvantagesIndustrialization typically leads to the migration of workers to cities, automation and repetitive tasks. Due to these factors, factory workers tend to lose their individuality, have limited job satisfaction and feel alienated. There can also be health issues brought on by dangerous working conditions or factors inherent to the working conditions, such as noise and dirt. Rapid urbanization brought on by industrialization typically leads to the general deterioration of workers' quality of life and many other problems for society, such as crime, stress and psychological disorders. Long working hours usually lead to poor nutrition and consumption of quick and low-quality foods, resulting in increased incidences of diseases such as diabetes, heart attacks and stroke. Top Questions Where and when did the Industrial Revolution take place? (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});How did the Industrial Revolution change economies?How did the Industrial Revolution change society?What were some important inventions of the Industrial Revolution?Who were some important inventors of the Industrial Revolution?Industrial Revolution, in modern history, the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. These technological changes introduced novel ways of working and living and fundamentally transformed society. This process began in Britain in the 18th century and from there spread to other parts of the world. Although used earlier by French writers, the term Industrial Revolution was first popularized by the English economic historian Arnold Toynbee (1852–83) to describe Britain’s economic development from 1760 to 1840. Since Toynbee’s time the term has been more broadly applied as a process of economic transformation than as a period of time in a particular setting. This explains why some areas, such as China and India, did not begin their first industrial revolutions until the 20th century, while others, such as the United States and western Europe, began undergoing “second” industrial revolutions by the late 19th century. A brief treatment of the Industrial Revolution follows. For full treatment of the Industrial Revolution as it occurred in Europe, see Europe, history of: The Industrial Revolution. Characteristics of the Industrial RevolutionThe main features involved in the Industrial Revolution were technological, socioeconomic, and cultural. The technological changes included the following: (1) the use of new basic materials, chiefly iron and steel, (2) the use of new energy sources, including both fuels and motive power, such as coal, the steam engine, electricity, petroleum, and the internal-combustion engine, (3) the invention of new machines, such as the spinning jenny and the power loom that permitted increased production with a smaller expenditure of human energy, (4) a new organization of work known as the factory system, which entailed increased division of labour and specialization of function, (5) important developments in transportation and communication, including the steam locomotive, steamship, automobile, airplane, telegraph, and radio, and (6) the increasing application of science to industry. These technological changes made possible a tremendously increased use of natural resources and the mass production of manufactured goods. There were also many new developments in nonindustrial spheres, including the following: (1) agricultural improvements that made possible the provision of food for a larger nonagricultural population, (2) economic changes that resulted in a wider distribution of wealth, the decline of land as a source of wealth in the face of rising industrial production, and increased international trade, (3) political changes reflecting the shift in economic power, as well as new state policies corresponding to the needs of an industrialized society, (4) sweeping social changes, including the growth of cities, the development of working-class movements, and the emergence of new patterns of authority, and (5) cultural transformations of a broad order. Workers acquired new and distinctive skills, and their relation to their tasks shifted; instead of being craftsmen working with hand tools, they became machine operators, subject to factory discipline. Finally, there was a psychological change: confidence in the ability to use resources and to master nature was heightened.  Britannica Quiz History: Fact or Fiction? Get hooked on history as this quiz sorts out the past. Find out who really invented movable type, who Winston Churchill called "Mum," and when the first sonic boom was heard. What are the consequences of Industrialisation?Industrialization impacted society in other ways. Workers were forced leave their families and migrate to urban areas in search of jobs. They worked long hours, were poorly nourished and lived in overcrowded conditions, which led to disease and stress.
What are 5 consequences of industrialization?Many people moved from the countryside into fast-growing cities, where they worked in factories filled with machinery.. Horrible Living Conditions for Workers. ... . Poor Nutrition. ... . A Stressful, Unsatisfying Lifestyle. ... . Dangerous Workplaces. ... . Child Labor.. What were 3 major consequences effects of the Industrial Revolution?The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization or the movement of people to cities. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities.
What were the 3 effects of industrialization?The Industrial Revolution had many positive effects. Among those was an increase in wealth, the production of goods, and the standard of living. People had access to healthier diets, better housing, and cheaper goods. In addition, education increased during the Industrial Revolution.
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Which one of the following is NOT a consequence of Industrialisation?
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