Which type of perm should you recommend if the client has very damaged hair?

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Chemical Texture/ haircoloring
Which type of perm should you recommend for very damaged hair?
Which type of permanent wave solution should be used on hair that is very porous?
What determines the strength of the permanent waving solution?
Which phase of perming is the most important?

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Chemical Texture/ haircoloring

Question	Answer
Generally, keratin straightening treatments eliminate up to what percent of frizz and curl?	95 percent
Chemical texture procedures involve changing the structure of the hair:	both physically and chemically
The neutralizer used with thio relaxers is usually:	hydrogen peroxide
Which of these is NOT a component of all exothermic waves?	hydroxide relaxer
A _____ bond is NOT a type of side bond.	peptide
A properly processed permanent wave should break and rebuild approximately _____ percent of the hair's disulfide bonds.	50
When performing a permanent wave, you should:	immediately replace towels that have become wet with solution
The side bonds of the _____ must be broken in order to change the natural wave pattern of the hair.	cortex
With the _____, base sections are offset from each other row by row.	bricklay permanent wrap
An acid-balanced wave has a pH of:	7.0
The sulfites used as low-pH hair relaxers are compatible with:	thio relaxers
The basic permanent wrap is also known as a:	straight set wrap
The measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid that affects how the fluid flows is:	viscosity
Hydroxide relaxers remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond, converting it into a _____ bond.	lanthionine
Which end paper technique uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope?	bookend wrap
Disulfide bonds account for about _____ of the hair's overall strength.	one-third
Base placement is determined by the:	angle at which the hair is wrapped
Which straightening method combines use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing?	Japanese thermal straightening
A super-strength relaxer is recommended if the client has _____ hair.	extremely curly
Which wrapping pattern uses pie-shaped base sections?	curvature permanent wrap
A _____ is a conditioner with an acidic pH that conditions hair and restores the natural pH prior to shampooing.	normalizing lotion
Peptide bonds are also known as:	end bonds
Which type of perm should you recommend if the client has very damaged hair?	true acid wave
What two important functions are performed by the neutralization process?	deactivating waving solution and rebuilding disulfide bonds
The reduction reaction in permanent waving is due to the:	addition of hydrogen
A _____ is a thio-based chemical service that reformats curly and wavy hair into looser and larger curls and waves.	soft curl permanent
The strength of the permanent waving solution is determined primarily by the concentration of:	thio
A pH of _____ is neutral for hair.	5
The double-rod wrap technique is especially effective on _____ hair.	long
Which type of relaxers are commonly called lye relaxers?	sodium hydroxide
When performing a test to determine whether metallic salts are present, the hair will _____ in the solution if metallic salts are present.	lighten rapidly
True acid waves have a pH between:	4.5 and 7.0
The reduction reaction in permanent waving is due to the:	addition of hydrogen
What is the primary benefit of ammonia-free waves?	They do not have a strong odor
For _____ placement, the hair is wrapped at a 45-degree angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base.	on base
Chemical texture procedures involve changing the structure of the hair:	both physically and chemically
Hydrogen bonds can be broken by:	water or heat
When performing a perm, you should always	smell the hair after the recommended time has elapsed
Thio relaxers use the same ATG that is used in permanent waving, but at a:	higher concentration and a higher pH
The _____ uses zigzag partings to divide base areas.	weave technique
Which type of hair requires a highly alkaline chemical solution?	coarse, resistant hair
Salt bonds are broken by:	change in PH
In permanent waving, the size of the curl is determined by the:	size of the rod
What two important functions are performed by the neutralization process?	deactivating waving solution and rebuilding disulfide bonds
A _____ perm wrap is wrapped perpendicular to the length of the rod, in overlapping concentric layers. 	croquignole
Hydroxide relaxers remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond, converting it into a _____ bond.	lanthionine
Overprocessed hair:	occurs when too many disulfide bonds are broken
Cold wave is another term for a(n) _____ wave.	alkaline
Compounds consisting of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur are:	amino acids
When the silicone polymers and formalin in keratin-based straightening treatments are heated to high temperatures, they release:	formaldehyde gas
In half off-base placement, the hair is wrapped at an angle of:	90 degrees or perpendicular to the base section
It is recommended that you apply base cream when using:	both base relaxers and no-base relaxers
Which type of metal is NOT commonly used to form ionic compounds in metal hydroxide relaxers?	magnesium (Mg)
Hydroxide relaxers remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond, converting it into a _____ bond	lanthionine
Which type of perm should you recommend if the client has very damaged hair?	true acid wave
What is the active ingredient in alkaline permanents?	ammonium thioglycolate
Which type of wave is activated by an outside heat source, such as a conventional hood-type hair dryer?	endothermic
The application for a virgin relaxer starts _____ away from the scalp	1/4-inch to 1/2-inch
Which method of wrapping provides the most control over the hair ends?	double flat wrap
What kind of waves are sulfites used in?	low PH
The strongest of the three side bonds are:	disulfide bond
In half off-base placement, the hair is wrapped at an angle of:	90 degrees or perpendicular to the base section
What is the main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions?	GMTG
Polypeptide chains are long chains of amino acids joined together by _____ bonds.	peptide
When performing a chemical hair relaxing service, it is appropriate to:	conduct periodic strand tests during the service
Which wrapping pattern uses pre-shaped base sections?	curvature permanent wrap
Which of these is NOT a component of all exothermic waves?	hydroxide relaxer
the neutralizer used with thio relaxers is usually:	hydrogen peroxide
A properly processed permanent wave should break and rebuild approximately _____ percent of the hairs disulfide bonds.	50
How long is a typical soft bender rod?	12 inches
How long is a typical soft bender rod?	bricklay permanent wrap
When performing a test to determine whether metallic salts are present, the hair will _____ in the solution if metallic salts are present	lighten rapidly
Which type of hair requires a highly alkaline chemical solution?	coarse, resistant hair
The most common type of perm rod is the:	concave rod
The sulfites used as low-pH relaxers are compatible with:	thio relaxers
Which end paper technique uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope?	bookend wrap
The base direction can be:	horizontal, vertical, or diagonal
Hydroxide relaxers are:	very strong alkalis
Underprocessed hair is usually:	straighter at the scalp and curlier at the ends
When performing a permanent wave, you should:	immediately replace towels that have become wet with solution
the first function of thio neutralization is the:	deactivation of any remaining waving lotion
What is used to protect the skin and scalp during hair relaxing?	base cream
An acid-balanced wave has a pH of:	7.0
Guanidine hydroxide relaxers are advertised and sold as _____ relaxers.	no-lye
The strength of any permanent wave is based on the:	concentration of its reducing agent
The side bonds of the _____ must be broken in order to change the natural wave pattern of the hair	cortex
A pH of _____ is neutral for hair.	5
To create a warm coppery red, you should use a _____ base color.	red-orange
Cool tones:
An equal combination of the primary colors blue and red produces:	violet
The _____ gives hair the majority of its strength and elasticity	cortex
What type of melanin gives black and brown color to hair?	eumelanin
Yellow blond hair can be corrected to a natural blond by adding what color filler?	violet
A _____ is obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors	secondary
Painting lightener directly onto clean, styled hair is called:	baliage also known as free- form
The strength of a color is called:	Intensity refers to the strength of a color,
A(n) _____ is a combination of equal parts of a prepared permanent color mixture and shampoo?	soap cap
When the client is a brunette, to avoid unwanted brassy tones, you should not lighten more than _____ level(s) above the natural color.	two
Permanent haircolors contain uncolored dye precursors called _____.	aniline derivatives
Which of the following is a primary color?	yellow
A _____ is a haircolor service that adds shine and color to the hair.	haircolor glaze
A(n) _____ test is performed to determine how the hair will react to the color formula and how long the formula should be left on the hair.	strand test
A _____ is an oxidizing agent that, when mixed with an oxidation haircolor, supplies the oxygen gas to develop the color molecules and create a change in natural hair color.	developer
Which layer of the hair is sometimes absent from the hair?	medulla
Traditional semipermanent haircolor lasts about how long?	4 to 6 weeks
Cool tones:	absorb more light, so they look deeper than their actual level
When mixing permanent color using a 1:2 ratio, you should pour _____ into the bottle.	1 ounce (30 milliliters) of color and 2 ounces (60 milliliters) of developer
Developers have a pH between:	2.5 & 4.5
The varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process is called: The varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process is called: The varying d
The varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process is called: The varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process is called:	contributing pigment
A primary color and a secondary color positioned opposite each other on the color wheel are called:	complementary colors
Demipermanent haircolor is:	mixed with a low-volume developer
What measures the concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide?	volume
The technique of coloring hair strands darker than the natural hair color is called:	lowlighting
The first step of double-process haircoloring is	pre-lightening
Which type of hair accepts haircolor faster?	very porous
The _____ is the outermost layer of the hair.	cuticle
Which type of haircolor is used to match, lighten, and cover gray hair?	permanent
The diameter of individual hair strands is referred to as hair:	texture
The hair shaft between the scalp and hair that has been previously colored is called the:	new growth
Pure or fundamental colors that cannot be created by combining colors are called _____ colors.	primary
Natural tones are commonly described as:	sandy
When using a lightener, the oxidation process occurs within which layer of the hair?	cortex
The process of treating gray or very resistant hair for better penetration of color is called:	pre-softening
When formulating a haircolor, you should always ask all of the following questions EXCEPT:	Which method of bleaching should be used?
Repeated use of metallic haircolors can cause a _____ cast.	green
What is the darkest haircolor level?	1
When blue and violet are combined, they create:	blue-violet
The strongest of the primary colors that also brings depth to any color is:	blue
Which of these is an example of a secondary color?	orange
A(n) _____ test is used to identify a possible allergy in a client.	patch
Which lighteners are considered on-the-scalp lighteners?	oil and cream
Clients who have their hair colored usually visit the salon every:	3 to 12 weeks
Haircoloring products used on pre-lightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors are called:	toners
A _____ is a non-ammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair.	glaze
Color is described as a property of objects that depends on the light they:	reflect
How many haircolor options should you recommend during the haircolor consultation?	at least two
The saturation, density, or concentration of color is referred to as	level
The _____ system is used by colorists to determine the lightness or darkness of a hair color.	level
What type of change(s) does temporary haircolor make to the hair shaft?	physical
When using a lightener, the oxidation process occurs within which layer of the hair?	cortex
Overlapping when applying color to new growth can result in a line of:	demarcation
Which color should you use to balance violet tones?	yellow
Permed, colored, chemically relaxed, and straightened hair will have what degree of porosity?	high porosity
Mixing equal parts of a secondary color and its neighboring primary color results in a:	tertiary color
The strength of a color is called	intensity
A _____ is used to equalize hair porosity.	filler

So-called express perms use the same basic techniques as a traditional perm but leave the chemicals in your hair for much less time. An express perm will not last as long as a traditional perm, but for damaged hair this may be your best option.

Which type of permanent wave solution should be used on hair that is very porous?

When perming porous hair, you should use a highly alkaline permanent waving solution. In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place toward the end of the processing time, after about 15 to 20 minutes. When perming a client's hair, you should rinse the hair with a strong blast of hot water.

What determines the strength of the permanent waving solution?

The strength of any permanent wave solution is based on the concentration of its reducing agent. Chemical hair relaxing is the process or service that rearranges the structure of curly hair into a straighter or smoother form.

Which phase of perming is the most important?

Which phase of perming is most important? Both physical and chemical phases are equally important. What was the active ingredient used in the first cold wave?