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Chemical Texture/ haircoloring
Generally, keratin straightening treatments eliminate up to what percent of frizz and curl? | 95 percent |
Chemical texture procedures involve changing the structure of the hair: | both physically and chemically |
The neutralizer used with thio relaxers is usually: | hydrogen peroxide |
Which of these is NOT a component of all exothermic waves? | hydroxide relaxer |
A _____ bond is NOT a type of side bond. | peptide |
A properly processed permanent wave should break and rebuild approximately _____ percent of the hair's disulfide bonds. | 50 |
When performing a permanent wave, you should: | immediately replace towels that have become wet with solution |
The side bonds of the _____ must be broken in order to change the natural wave pattern of the hair. | cortex |
With the _____, base sections are offset from each other row by row. | bricklay permanent wrap |
An acid-balanced wave has a pH of: | 7.0 |
The sulfites used as low-pH hair relaxers are compatible with: | thio relaxers |
The basic permanent wrap is also known as a: | straight set wrap |
The measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid that affects how the fluid flows is: | viscosity |
Hydroxide relaxers remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond, converting it into a _____ bond. | lanthionine |
Which end paper technique uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope? | bookend wrap |
Disulfide bonds account for about _____ of the hair's overall strength. | one-third |
Base placement is determined by the: | angle at which the hair is wrapped |
Which straightening method combines use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing? | Japanese thermal straightening |
A super-strength relaxer is recommended if the client has _____ hair. | extremely curly |
Which wrapping pattern uses pie-shaped base sections? | curvature permanent wrap |
A _____ is a conditioner with an acidic pH that conditions hair and restores the natural pH prior to shampooing. | normalizing lotion |
Peptide bonds are also known as: | end bonds |
Which type of perm should you recommend if the client has very damaged hair? | true acid wave |
What two important functions are performed by the neutralization process? | deactivating waving solution and rebuilding disulfide bonds |
The reduction reaction in permanent waving is due to the: | addition of hydrogen |
A _____ is a thio-based chemical service that reformats curly and wavy hair into looser and larger curls and waves. | soft curl permanent |
The strength of the permanent waving solution is determined primarily by the concentration of: | thio |
A pH of _____ is neutral for hair. | 5 |
The double-rod wrap technique is especially effective on _____ hair. | long |
Which type of relaxers are commonly called lye relaxers? | sodium hydroxide |
When performing a test to determine whether metallic salts are present, the hair will _____ in the solution if metallic salts are present. | lighten rapidly |
True acid waves have a pH between: | 4.5 and 7.0 |
The reduction reaction in permanent waving is due to the: | addition of hydrogen |
What is the primary benefit of ammonia-free waves? | They do not have a strong odor |
For _____ placement, the hair is wrapped at a 45-degree angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base. | on base |
Chemical texture procedures involve changing the structure of the hair: | both physically and chemically |
Hydrogen bonds can be broken by: | water or heat |
When performing a perm, you should always | smell the hair after the recommended time has elapsed |
Thio relaxers use the same ATG that is used in permanent waving, but at a: | higher concentration and a higher pH |
The _____ uses zigzag partings to divide base areas. | weave technique |
Which type of hair requires a highly alkaline chemical solution? | coarse, resistant hair |
Salt bonds are broken by: | change in PH |
In permanent waving, the size of the curl is determined by the: | size of the rod |
What two important functions are performed by the neutralization process? | deactivating waving solution and rebuilding disulfide bonds |
A _____ perm wrap is wrapped perpendicular to the length of the rod, in overlapping concentric layers. | croquignole |
Hydroxide relaxers remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond, converting it into a _____ bond. | lanthionine |
Overprocessed hair: | occurs when too many disulfide bonds are broken |
Cold wave is another term for a(n) _____ wave. | alkaline |
Compounds consisting of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur are: | amino acids |
When the silicone polymers and formalin in keratin-based straightening treatments are heated to high temperatures, they release: | formaldehyde gas |
In half off-base placement, the hair is wrapped at an angle of: | 90 degrees or perpendicular to the base section |
It is recommended that you apply base cream when using: | both base relaxers and no-base relaxers |
Which type of metal is NOT commonly used to form ionic compounds in metal hydroxide relaxers? | magnesium (Mg) |
Hydroxide relaxers remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond, converting it into a _____ bond | lanthionine |
Which type of perm should you recommend if the client has very damaged hair? | true acid wave |
What is the active ingredient in alkaline permanents? | ammonium thioglycolate |
Which type of wave is activated by an outside heat source, such as a conventional hood-type hair dryer? | endothermic |
The application for a virgin relaxer starts _____ away from the scalp | 1/4-inch to 1/2-inch |
Which method of wrapping provides the most control over the hair ends? | double flat wrap |
What kind of waves are sulfites used in? | low PH |
The strongest of the three side bonds are: | disulfide bond |
In half off-base placement, the hair is wrapped at an angle of: | 90 degrees or perpendicular to the base section |
What is the main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions? | GMTG |
Polypeptide chains are long chains of amino acids joined together by _____ bonds. | peptide |
When performing a chemical hair relaxing service, it is appropriate to: | conduct periodic strand tests during the service |
Which wrapping pattern uses pre-shaped base sections? | curvature permanent wrap |
Which of these is NOT a component of all exothermic waves? | hydroxide relaxer |
the neutralizer used with thio relaxers is usually: | hydrogen peroxide |
A properly processed permanent wave should break and rebuild approximately _____ percent of the hairs disulfide bonds. | 50 |
How long is a typical soft bender rod? | 12 inches |
How long is a typical soft bender rod? | bricklay permanent wrap |
When performing a test to determine whether metallic salts are present, the hair will _____ in the solution if metallic salts are present | lighten rapidly |
Which type of hair requires a highly alkaline chemical solution? | coarse, resistant hair |
The most common type of perm rod is the: | concave rod |
The sulfites used as low-pH relaxers are compatible with: | thio relaxers |
Which end paper technique uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope? | bookend wrap |
The base direction can be: | horizontal, vertical, or diagonal |
Hydroxide relaxers are: | very strong alkalis |
Underprocessed hair is usually: | straighter at the scalp and curlier at the ends |
When performing a permanent wave, you should: | immediately replace towels that have become wet with solution |
the first function of thio neutralization is the: | deactivation of any remaining waving lotion |
What is used to protect the skin and scalp during hair relaxing? | base cream |
An acid-balanced wave has a pH of: | 7.0 |
Guanidine hydroxide relaxers are advertised and sold as _____ relaxers. | no-lye |
The strength of any permanent wave is based on the: | concentration of its reducing agent |
The side bonds of the _____ must be broken in order to change the natural wave pattern of the hair | cortex |
A pH of _____ is neutral for hair. | 5 |
To create a warm coppery red, you should use a _____ base color. | red-orange |
Cool tones: | |
An equal combination of the primary colors blue and red produces: | violet |
The _____ gives hair the majority of its strength and elasticity | cortex |
What type of melanin gives black and brown color to hair? | eumelanin |
Yellow blond hair can be corrected to a natural blond by adding what color filler? | violet |
A _____ is obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors | secondary |
Painting lightener directly onto clean, styled hair is called: | baliage also known as free- form |
The strength of a color is called: | Intensity refers to the strength of a color, |
A(n) _____ is a combination of equal parts of a prepared permanent color mixture and shampoo? | soap cap |
When the client is a brunette, to avoid unwanted brassy tones, you should not lighten more than _____ level(s) above the natural color. | two |
Permanent haircolors contain uncolored dye precursors called _____. | aniline derivatives |
Which of the following is a primary color? | yellow |
A _____ is a haircolor service that adds shine and color to the hair. | haircolor glaze |
A(n) _____ test is performed to determine how the hair will react to the color formula and how long the formula should be left on the hair. | strand test |
A _____ is an oxidizing agent that, when mixed with an oxidation haircolor, supplies the oxygen gas to develop the color molecules and create a change in natural hair color. | developer |
Which layer of the hair is sometimes absent from the hair? | medulla |
Traditional semipermanent haircolor lasts about how long? | 4 to 6 weeks |
Cool tones: | absorb more light, so they look deeper than their actual level |
When mixing permanent color using a 1:2 ratio, you should pour _____ into the bottle. | 1 ounce (30 milliliters) of color and 2 ounces (60 milliliters) of developer |
Developers have a pH between: | 2.5 & 4.5 |
The varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process is called: The varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process is called: The varying d | |
The varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process is called: The varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process is called: | contributing pigment |
A primary color and a secondary color positioned opposite each other on the color wheel are called: | complementary colors |
Demipermanent haircolor is: | mixed with a low-volume developer |
What measures the concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide? | volume |
The technique of coloring hair strands darker than the natural hair color is called: | lowlighting |
The first step of double-process haircoloring is | pre-lightening |
Which type of hair accepts haircolor faster? | very porous |
The _____ is the outermost layer of the hair. | cuticle |
Which type of haircolor is used to match, lighten, and cover gray hair? | permanent |
The diameter of individual hair strands is referred to as hair: | texture |
The hair shaft between the scalp and hair that has been previously colored is called the: | new growth |
Pure or fundamental colors that cannot be created by combining colors are called _____ colors. | primary |
Natural tones are commonly described as: | sandy |
When using a lightener, the oxidation process occurs within which layer of the hair? | cortex |
The process of treating gray or very resistant hair for better penetration of color is called: | pre-softening |
When formulating a haircolor, you should always ask all of the following questions EXCEPT: | Which method of bleaching should be used? |
Repeated use of metallic haircolors can cause a _____ cast. | green |
What is the darkest haircolor level? | 1 |
When blue and violet are combined, they create: | blue-violet |
The strongest of the primary colors that also brings depth to any color is: | blue |
Which of these is an example of a secondary color? | orange |
A(n) _____ test is used to identify a possible allergy in a client. | patch |
Which lighteners are considered on-the-scalp lighteners? | oil and cream |
Clients who have their hair colored usually visit the salon every: | 3 to 12 weeks |
Haircoloring products used on pre-lightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors are called: | toners |
A _____ is a non-ammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair. | glaze |
Color is described as a property of objects that depends on the light they: | reflect |
How many haircolor options should you recommend during the haircolor consultation? | at least two |
The saturation, density, or concentration of color is referred to as | level |
The _____ system is used by colorists to determine the lightness or darkness of a hair color. | level |
What type of change(s) does temporary haircolor make to the hair shaft? | physical |
When using a lightener, the oxidation process occurs within which layer of the hair? | cortex |
Overlapping when applying color to new growth can result in a line of: | demarcation |
Which color should you use to balance violet tones? | yellow |
Permed, colored, chemically relaxed, and straightened hair will have what degree of porosity? | high porosity |
Mixing equal parts of a secondary color and its neighboring primary color results in a: | tertiary color |
The strength of a color is called | intensity |
A _____ is used to equalize hair porosity. | filler |
Which type of perm should you recommend for very damaged hair?
So-called express perms use the same basic techniques as a traditional perm but leave the chemicals in your hair for much less time. An express perm will not last as long as a traditional perm, but for damaged hair this may be your best option.
Which type of permanent wave solution should be used on hair that is very porous?
When perming porous hair, you should use a highly alkaline permanent waving solution. In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place toward the end of the processing time, after about 15 to 20 minutes. When perming a client's hair, you should rinse the hair with a strong blast of hot water.
What determines the strength of the permanent waving solution?
The strength of any permanent wave solution is based on the concentration of its reducing agent. Chemical hair relaxing is the process or service that rearranges the structure of curly hair into a straighter or smoother form.
Which phase of perming is the most important?
Which phase of perming is most important? Both physical and chemical phases are equally important. What was the active ingredient used in the first cold wave?