What are population pyramids How do they help in understanding about the population of a country Ncert?

Answer: The graphical representation used to study the composition of a country’s population is called the population pyramid. It shows the total population divided into various age groups, percentage of the total population subdivided into males and females and the number of dependents in a country. When the population of a country has high birth and death rates, the population pyramid is broad at the base and narrow towards the top.

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Population pyramids are the graphical method to show: (a) Total polulation in to male and female i.e.. sex composition. (b) Age group from 0-14, 15-59, 59 years and above. (c) Work force. (d) Dependent and productive population. The shape of the population pyramid help us to know about the people living in that particular Country. The numbers of children (below 15 years) are shown at the bottom and reflect the level of births. The size of the top shows the numbers of aged people (above 65 years) and reflect the number of deaths. The population pyramid also shows that how many dependents are there in a country.

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When people are attracted to an area it becomes densely populated. Factors that influence this include extreme climate, good supplies of natural resources and favourable land.

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Society with too many under 15s': (i) The number of children are more. (ii) To provide them education more schools are required. (iii) The demand of materials required in schools like blackboard, chalks, table, benches will be more. (iv) The demand for stationery items like pen, pencil, eraser, notebook, textbooks will be more. (v) More number of parks are required for them to play. (vi) The requirement of teachers will be more. (vii) The toy industry need to be expanded. (viii) More number of children also ensure the supply of young, spirited and skilled labour supply for future. Society with too few under 15s' (i) The government need to invest in construction of old age homes. (ii) For the old age people more hospitals, doctors, nurses, medical equipments are required. (iii) Pension schemes need to be launched for the old age people.

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