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Differences between quantitative and qualitative research

AreasQuantitative ResearchQualitative Research
Nature of realityAssumes there is a single reality.Assumes existence of dynamic and multiple reality.
GoalTest and confirm hypotheses.Explore and understand phenomena.
Data collection methodsHighly structured methods like questionnaires, inventories and scales.Semi structured like in-depth interviews, observations and focus group discussions.
DesignPredetermined and rigid design.Flexible and emergent design.
ReasoningDeductive process to test the hypothesis.Primarily inductive to develop the theory or hypothesis.
FocusConcerned with the outcomes and prediction of the causal relationships.Concerned primarily with process, rather than outcomes or products.
SamplingRely largely on random sampling methods.Based on purposive sampling methods.
Sample size determinationInvolves a-priori sample size calculation.Collect data until data saturation is achieved.
Sample sizeRelatively large.Small sample size but studied in-depth.
Data analysisVariable based and use of statistical or mathematical methods.Case based and use non statistical descriptive or interpretive methods.