Body mass index (BMI) is an estimate of body fat based on height and weight. It doesn’t measure body fat directly, but instead uses an equation to make an approximation. BMI can help determine whether a person is at an unhealthy or healthy weight. A high BMI can be a sign of too much fat on the body, while a low BMI can be a sign of too little fat on the body. The higher a person’s BMI, the greater their chances of developing certain serious conditions, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. A very low BMI can also cause health problems, including bone loss, decreased immune function, and anemia. While BMI can be useful in screening children and adults for body weight problems, it does have its limits. BMI may overestimate the amount of body fat in athletes and other people with very muscular bodies. It may also underestimate the amount of body fat in older adults and other people who have lost muscle mass. Body Mass Index Formula BMI is calculated by dividing a person’s weight by the square of their height. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides a simple online child and teen BMI calculator for ages 2 to 19, and an adult BMI calculatorTrusted Source for ages 20 and older. To calculate the BMI, you enter the height in feet and weight in pounds. The calculators also provide weight status charts to help you interpret the results. BMI is calculated the same way for people of all ages. However, BMI is interpreted differently for adults and children. Body Mass Index for Adults Adults age 20 and older can interpret their BMI based on the following standard weight status categories. These are the same for men and women of all ages and body types: BMI Weight Status Below 18.5 Underweight 18.5 – 24.9 Normal 25.0 – 29.9 Overweight 30.0 and above Obese Body Mass Index for Children BMI is interpreted differently for people under age 20. While the same formula is used to determine BMI for all age groups, the implications for children and adolescents can vary depending on age and gender. The amount of body fat changes with age. It’s also different in young boys and girls. Girls usually acquire a higher amount of body fat and develop it earlier than boys. For children and teens, the CDC uses age growth chartsTrusted Source to show BMI as a percentile ranking. Each percentile expresses a child’s BMI relative to other children of the same age and gender. For example, a child would be considered obese if they had a BMI that landed at or above the 95th percentile. This means that they have more body fat than 95 percent of children in the same age and gender category. The following table shows the percentile range for each weight status: Percentile Weight Status Below 5th Underweight 5th to 85th Normal or healthy weight 85th to 95th Overweight 95th and above Obese Body Mass Index and Health According to the National Institutes of Health, more than two in three adults are considered overweight and one in three are considered obese. About 17 percent of children and teenagers (ages 2 to 19) are considered obese. People gain weight as a result of an energy imbalance. The body needs a certain amount of energy from food in order to function. This energy is obtained in the form of calories. Your weight will usually stay the generally the same when you consume the same number of calories as your body uses or “burns” each day. If you take in more calories than you burn, you will gain weight over time. Energy imbalance is certainly one of the biggest contributors to weight gain. However, your ideal weight is primarily determined by genetics, as well as by the types of foods you eat and how much you exercise. If you have a high BMI, it’s important to lower it so you’re at a healthy weight status. A high BMI is related to a greater risk of developing serious health conditions, such as: heart disease high blood pressure liver disease osteoarthritis diabetes stroke gallstones certain cancers, including breast, colon, and kidney cancers A new study, however, indicates that body fat, not BMI, is more associated with the above health risks. You can lower body fat and get to a healthier weight by exercising at least three times per week. You should also follow certain diet habits, such as eating only when you’re hungry, eating mindfully, and choosing a diet that’s rich in whole, unprocessed foods. You may also benefit from nutritional counseling. A dietitian can teach you which foods to eat and how much food you should eat in order to lose weight. Just as a high BMI can cause health problems, so can a very low BMI. A lack of sufficient body fat may lead to: bone loss decreased immune function heart problems iron deficiency anemia If you have a low BMI, discuss your weight with your doctor. If needed, increasing the amount of food you eat each day or reducing the amount of exercise can help you gain weight. A dietitian can also help you learn how to gain weight in a healthy way.
CBSE Class 11 CBSE Class 11 Physical Education
How would you administer the Body Mass Index (BMI). Give example also.
Body Mass Indx (BMI) : BMI stands for Body Mass Index. This fitness testing is used to measure body composition. Test Administration : In this testing/index the health and fitness abilities of individual is based upon the relationship of height and weight. Here height is considered in metres and centimetres; weight is considered in kilograms and grams. BMI is calculated by taking person’s weight (in kg and gm) and dividing by hieight (mt and cm) square. i. e., Weight + (height x height) Example : For instance, if your height is T65 mt, the divisor of the calculation will be (1-65 x 1-65) = 2-7225, If your weight is 50-5 kg then your BMI is 18-54 = (2-7225 - 50-5). Evaluation of Test : Higher the figure, the more overweight is the person. This is just a guide io know overweight content in body. This test can be a preventive step towards obesity.
CBSE Class 11 CBSE Class 11 Physical Education
What is BMI ?Explain about it?
The Body Mass Index is also known as Qetelet Index because it was invented by Adolphe Quetelet. In fact, it is a statistical measurement which compares an individual’s weight and height. Although/ it does not actually measure the percentage of body fat, yet is very useful tool to estimate a healthy body weight based on how tall an individual is. Indeed it is the most widely used tool to indentify the weight problem. BMI is very easy to measure and evaluate. With the help of BMI one can come to know whether one is under weight, normal weight, over weight or in classes of obesity. BMI can be defined as the individual’s body weight divided by the square of his height i.e., 
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The body mass index is also called the Quetelet index. It is a statistical measurement which compares an individual in weight and height. It is a handy tool to estimate a healthy body weight based on how tall an individual is accurate, and it is most widely used tool to identify the weight problem. 2 BMI is straightforward to measure and evaluate with the help of BMI. Its value is measured in kg/m2. Now with the help of the World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria for underweight and obesity by BMI, you may come to know whether this individual is under the category of underweight, average weight, overweight or falls in the category of obesity. BMI of any individual is calculated with the help of the following formula: Body Mass Index (BMI) = Body weight / (height × height) Here the weight of the individual is measured in kilograms and the height is taken in metres. Example: Suppose an individual’s body weight is 70 kg and his/her height is 1.60 m. Now compute these values. BMI = 70 / (1.60 x 1.60) = 70 / 2.56 = 27.34 kg/m2 Now with the help of the World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria for underweight and obesity by BMI, you may come to know whether this individual is under the category of underweight, normal weight, overweight or falls in the category of obesity. The categories and BMI are given in the following table:
The following precautions must be taken while taking the measurements for BMI.
AAPHERD i.e. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance is a test to judge and evaluate the fitness levels of youth. The first version of this test was published in 1958 and then revised in 1966 and after that in 1976. Many changes in the test battery were made in 1976 in AAPHER youth fitness test. This test is designed to test the fitness levels of the youth. The tests measure body composition, flexibility, agility, coordination, upper body strength, and aerobic endurance. The tests are designed so that they could be administered by professionals in the field. Following are the test components of the AAPHERD physical fitness test:
In 1980 AAPHERD introduced the ‘Physical Best’ test which included the following items: 1. 1½ mile walk run or 12-minute run 2. Skin fold measurement body fat 3. Sit ups 4. Pull ups 5. Sit and reach test The physical fitness test recognizes students for their level of physical fitness in the above events. This event measures speed, quickness and agility of the students. Mark two parallel lines 30 feet apart and place two blocks of wood, behind one of the lines. Students start at the parallel line. On the signal ‘Go’ the student runs to the blocks picks one up, runs back to the starting line, places block behind the line, runs back and picks up the second block and runs back across starting line. Blocks should be placed within the lines. Student hangs from a horizontal bar at a height the student can hang from, with arms fully extended and feet free from floor using either an overhand grip or under hand grip. Students with short height may be lifted to starting position. They raise body until chin clears the bar and then lower With an overhand grasp or underhand grip, student assumes flexed arm hang position with chin clearing the bar. Students may be lifted to this position. Student holds this position as long as he can. Student’s chest should be held close to bar with legs hanging straight. Measurement of time is stopped when student’s chin touches or falls below the bar. The standing long jump is a very common and easy test to administer test of explosive leg power. The student stands behind a line marked on the ground. With feet slightly apart. A two-foot take-off and landing is used with swinging of the arms and bending of the knees to provide forward drive. The student attempts to jump as far as possible, landing on both feet without falling backwards. Three attempts are allowed. The measurement is taken from take-off line to the nearest point of contact on landing the longest distance jumped in best of three attempts is recorded. It is a test to measure the speed of the student. The student stands behind the starting line and starts running on the signal ‘Go’. As soon as the distance is covered the time taken to complete 50 yards is noted. The new test of AAPHERD attempts to measure fitness of health: Students are asked to run 1.5 mile. Their timings are taken by stop watch. If this method is not suitable then students are asked to run for 12 minutes. In this method their distance is noted down. The first method is considered to be the best method to know the cardiovascular fitness. In this test calipers skin is used to measure the thickness of fat in various parts of the body After measuring the thickness of different parts of body, the measurements are put in an equation (different equation for girls and boys) to calculate the body density. After calculating body density, it is put in equation to calculate the body fat percentage. All the measurements must be done on the right side of the body. The following three parts are measured: (a) Abdominal skinfold (b) Chest skinfold (c) Arm skinfold Equation for body density = 1.1017 – (0.000282) × (A) – (0.000736) × (B) – (0.000883) × (C) where A = Abdominal skinfold B = Chest skinfold C = Arm skinfold Equation for fat percentage Fat percentage = [4.570/Body Density – 4.142] x 100 The following two body parts are measured for women or girls A = Arm skinfold B = Skinfold Body density = 1.0764 – (0.00081) × (A) – (0.000888) × (B), Where A = Arm skinfold, B = Skinfold Fat percentage = [4.570/Body Density – 4.142] x 100 The sit-up test measures the maximum number of repetition that can be performed in one minute. The total number of repetitions are noted. |
What is the formula for calculating BMI class 11 physical education?
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