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Terms in this set (60)The internal ordering of mineral crystals can be detected using... X-ray Diffraction Carbon-containing compounds that either occur in living organisms or resemble compounds in living organisms are called... a. organic compounds. a. Organic Compounds When a solution becomes oversaturated, new solid particles are said to... a. precipitate from the solution. a. Precipitate from the solution Natural glass is NOT considered a mineral because it... a. is not produced by geologic processes. c. does not have a fixed crystalline structure. Which of the following is NOT true about minerals? a. All minerals are compounds of more than one element. a. All minerals are compounds of more than one element. Minerals are all naturally occurring solid substances with a definable chemical composition. They must also possess... a. an ability to be synthesized in the laboratory as well as be found in nature. d. a fixed crystalline structure (spatial arrangement of atoms and ions) Which of the following is NOT a mineral? a. quartz b. petroleum Which of the following is NOT a way for minerals to crystallize? a. solidification of a melt (lava or magma) b. Bonding carbon to oxygen atoms to form organic compounds Which of the following is a mineral? a. granite d. Calcite Which of the following is a mineral? a. petroleum (oil), a liquid c. Ice (water in the solid state) The __________ class of minerals contains the anion S^c. a.
oxides b. sulfides The __________ class of minerals includes a substance commonly known as table salt. a. oxides b. halides Which class of minerals is highly conductive because of metallic bonding? a. native metals a. native metals (not totally sure about this one, but the other 3 are all made out of non-metals so I'm educated guessing) The tetrahedral structure that forms the backbone of all silicate minerals is composed of silicon and what other element? a. magnesium c. oxygen The mineral olivine is in the __________ mineral class. a. sulfate b. silicate The framework silicates are the MOST complicated because... a. they contain silica tetrahedra. d. all tetrahedral oxygens are shared Minerals are grouped into mineral classes primarily on a basis of... a. Chemistry, specifically the cations within the chemical formula. b. Chemistry, specifically the anions within the chemical formula. The silicates are broken into several groups based on the way silica tetrahedra are... a. Bonded to anions. b. Arranged and bonded. Calcite (CaCO3) is in which mineral class? a. Silicates c. Carbonates Potassium feldspar (KAlSi3O8) is in which mineral class? a. Silicates a. Silicates Pyrite (FeS2) is in which mineral class? a. Silicates d. Sulfides In which type of silicate are the greatest proportion of oxygen atoms shared by pairs of adjacent tetrahedra? a. Chain silicates b. Framework silicates The mineral class that makes up more than 95% of rocks in the continental crust is termed the.... a. Silicates. a. Silicates. Which layer of Earth does NOT contain silicate minerals? a. Oceanic crust b. Outer core A __________ is a mineral-lined cavity in a rock. a. crystal c. Geode Minerals that grow around volcanic vents MOST likely form by... a. solidification from a melt. d. Precipitation from a gas Which of the following minerals is more commonly known as table salt? a. gypsum b. Halite The mantle is composed almost entirely of the mineral class: a. Silicates. a. Silicates Which of the following minerals is a silicate? a. galena c. Olivine Which common rock-forming mineral shows up in all three major rock types (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic)? a. diamond c. Quartz The color of a mineral in powdered form is termed... a. color. d. Streak Cleavage in minerals refers to... a. A tendency to break in an irregular pattern. b. A tendency to break along planes of weakness. Synthetically made glass and natural quartz crystals both exhibit a fracture pattern termed... a. glassy fracture. c. Conchoidal fracture. Which of the following common minerals is softest? a. quartz b. Talc With regard to minerals, hardness refers to the ability to resist... a. melting. c. Being scratched. A mineral property defined by the density of the mineral sample divided by the density of water (1.0 g/cm3) is... a. mass. c. Specific gravity. In a mineral specimen of quartz, what is the term for the smoothly curving, clamshell-shaped surface? (on the test, this one will have a picture) a. conchoidal fracture a. Conchoidal fracture What mineral reacts with hydrochloric acid? (on the test, this one will have a picture) a. quartz b. Calcite Trace amounts of impurity in a mineral can commonly produce significant differences in __________ among individual crystals of the mineral. a. color a. Color Ore minerals, such as galena, tend to be different from typical minerals (such as quartz) in that they have a... a. very dark color. b. Large specific gravity For most minerals, the streak color obtained when the mineral is scratched against a porcelain plate is... a. only useful if the mineral is softer than porcelain. a. Only useful if the mineral is softer than porcelain. Using Mohs hardness scale, which of the following statements is FALSE? (on the test, this one will have a picture) a. A fingernail can scratch a sample of gypsum. b. Diamonds are twice as hard as apatite. Geologists refer to an exposure of bedrock on the surface as a(n)... a. bed. b. Outcrop Diamonds are usually found in... a. pegmatite. c. Kimberlite A facet is a __________ on a gem. a. polished surface a. Polished surface Which of the following forms either by the cementing together of grains broken off preexisting rocks or by the precipitation of mineral crystals out of water solutions at or near the Earth's surface? a. igneous rocks c. Sedimentary rocks The diamonds typically seen in engagement rings today do not display their natural crystal faces but rather __________, which are made by grinding the gem on a spinning lap. a. striations c. Facets What type of rock forms by the solidification of a melt? a. igneous a. Igneous Which of the following is NOT a way in which specific rock types can be distinguished from one another? a. texture c. Crystal shape What type of rock forms when preexisting rocks undergo changes in response to a modification of their environment, without first melting? a. igneous rocks b. metamorphic rocks Explain why a cubic zirconia is NOT a mineral. Discussion Points include: Qualifications of a mineral Cubis Zirconia=manmade Draw and label a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron. Drawing points: Triangular prism 4 Oxygen on the points Why are minerals sometimes referred to as "the building blocks of Earth? Discussion points: Rocks Layers of the Earth Idk this seems pretty easy to make up on the spot Some physical properties are more useful for identifying certain minerals than others. Explain how color can be useful to identify some minerals but not others. Be sure to use mineral examples in your answer. Discussion Points: Color can vary! Quartz Sulfur? What are the ways a mineral can crystallize in nature? List and explain. Discussion Points: Anhedral vs. Euhedral "seeds" Facets move outwards Describe some examples of minerals that can be harmful and the hazards they pose. Discussion Points: Quartz and feldspar - if pulverized, little pieces can be inhaled, causing silicosis Pyrite - Arsenopyrite. Contains arsenic! Can dissolve into groundwater if the water is oxygen-bearing Asbestos What are cleavage and fracture? How are these physical properties similar? How are they different? Discussion Points: Cleavage - Distinct planar surfaces w/specific orientation to crystal structure Fracture - No cleavage. Irregular or conchoidal How are sedimentary rocks different from igneous rocks? Discussion Points: Igneous - Solidification of a melt (above or under the ground) Sedimentary - cementing of grains OR precipitation of mineral from water (at or near earth's surface) What is the definition of a rock? Discussion Points: A rock is.... What is a thin section and how are they used in geologic study? Discussion Points: Very thin slice glued to a glass slide Petrographic microscope Ability to see grains @ high magnification Polarized light=different colored minerals Sets with similar termsChapter 3 Earth Science47 terms taylorrjordynnn L3 Minerals (Chapter 3)82 terms daylens Sets found in the same folderChapter 146 terms lnkeller620 Geology Chapter 1344 terms angie_herrera9 Geology Chapter 1320 terms pjhbasketball15 Chapter 12-Deep Time: How Old is Old?29 terms erinbecker13 Other sets by this creatorLe Francais Chapitre 10100 terms Tzwolfer Le Francais Chapitre 989 terms Tzwolfer Le Francais Chapitre 8103 terms Tzwolfer Le Francais Chapitre 7104 terms Tzwolfer Verified questionsEARTH SCIENCE When Earth cools, most of the energy transferred from Earth's surface to space is transferred by the process of (1) conduction (2) reflection (3) refraction (4) radiation Verified answer EARTH SCIENCE What would you expect to see in areas subject to abrasion? Verified answer EARTH SCIENCE Discuss how the three major fossil fuels are alike and how they are different. Verified answer
EARTH SCIENCE Speculate on the changes in global temperatures that might occur if Earth had substantially more land area and less ocean area than it does at present. How might such changes influence the biosphere? Verified answer Recommended textbook solutionsInvestigating Oceanography3rd EditionKeith A. Sverdrup, Raphael Kudela 547 solutions Investigating Oceanography2nd EditionKeith A. Sverdrup 538 solutions Principles of Environmental Engineering and Science4th EditionMackenzie L. Davis, Susan J. Masten 424 solutions
Principles of Environmental Science7th EditionMary Cunningham, William Cunningham 221 solutions Other Quizlet setsLighting Task 631 terms wasabisteak Human Biology Notes Chp 1.68 terms bmernst TH3 B!G D!CK D3C MA$T3R $3T161 terms declankane MRKT345 exam 171 terms spetersen6 Related questionsQUESTION What would you expect if you dropped the same hammer and feather on earth's surface? 15 answers QUESTION True or False: 在河曲处，侵蚀发生在河曲的外侧，沉积发生在河曲的内侧。At a river meander, erosion occurs on the outside part of the bend, and deposition occurs on the inside part of the bend. 7 answers QUESTION The origin of the Earth's biological diversity is embodied in 10 answers QUESTION The accumulation zone of a glacier is most likely to be found 7 answers Which is not a mineral quizlet?A mineral has to be naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, have a crystal structure, and have a definite chemical composition. Coal is not a mineral because it is carbon-based and came from fossilized plants.
Is wood a mineral?Wood and pearls are made by organisms and thus are not minerals. "Solid" means that it is not a liquid or a gas at standard temperature and pressure.
Is water a mineral?Water does not pass the test of being a solid so it is not considered a mineral although ice; which is solid, is classified as a mineral as long as it is naturally occurring.
What is a mineral quizlet?Mineral. A naturally-occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an orderly arrangement of atoms or ions.
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Which of the following is not a mineral Quizlet
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