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Question 2Which of the following has the largest equilibrium constant for hydration? a) b) c) d) Question 3Which of the following has the largest equilibrium constant for hydration? a) b) c) d) Question 4Which of the following has the smallest equilibrium constant for hydration? a) b) c) d) Question 5Which is normally the main product when a mixture of aldehyde RCHO and an excess of alcohol R'OH is treated with an acid catalyst? a) b) c) d) Question 6Which is normally the main product when a mixture of aldehyde RCHO and an excess of alcohol R'OH is treated with a base catalyst? a) b) c) d) Question 7Which of (a)-(d) is least likely as an intermediate or product in the following
reaction? a) b) c) d) Question 8Which of the following reactions does not give the compound indicated as a main product? a) b) c) d) Question 9Which of the following statements is wrong? a) The yield of cyanohydrin is low when an aldehyde is simply added to an aqueous solution of NaCN. b) The yield of cyanohydrin increases when an appropriate amount of acid is added to an aqueous solution of an aldehyde and NaCN. c) Formation of cyanohydrin of aldehyde is accelerated by acid catalysis. d) Formation of cyanohydrin of aldehyde is increased by increasing the concentration of cyanide ion. Question 10Which of the following statements is wrong? a) Hydrolysis of an acetal is catalysed by acids. b) Hydrolysis of an acetal is catalysed by bases. c) Oximes are stabilized by conjugation between the C=N and OH groups. d) Enamines are formed between secondary amines and the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones. Question 11Which aldehyde has the largest equilibrium constant for the formation of a cyanohydrin? a) b) c) d) Question 12Which aldehyde has the smallest equilibrium constant for the formation of a cyanohydrin? a) b) c) d)
Question 13Which ketone has the largest equilibrium constant for hydration? a) b) c) d) Question 14Which combination of an aldehyde and an alcohol most readily forms a hemiacetal with base catalysis? a) b) c) d) Question 15Which of the following most readily forms a cyclic hemiacetal with acid catalysis? a) b) c) d) Question 16Which stage of the following reaction scheme for acetal formation does not correctly show the flow of electrons? a) Stage (a) b) Stage (b) c) Stage (c) d) Stage (d) Question 17Which of (a)-(d) is least likely as an intermediate or a product in the following
reaction? a) b) c) d) Question 18Which of the following reactions indicates a correct result of the main process? a) b) c) d) Question 19Each of the following diagrams (1)-(4) indicates the flow of electrons in a possible main step in the formation of an imine from an aldehyde and an amine in aqueous solution. Which combination of two steps is the most probable in a mechanism of the overall
reaction? a) (1) and (3) b) (1) and (4) c) (2) and (3) d) (2) and (4)
Question 20Which of the following statements is wrong? a) Hydration of an aldehyde is reversible either in acidic or basic solutions. b) Hydration of simple ketones is not generally favourable. c) Equilibrium in the hydration of aldehydes generally favours formation of the hydrate. d) Oxygen isotope exchange occurs when a ketone is dissolved in water labelled with 18O in the presence of a catalytic amount of acid or base. Which test is used to identify ketones?Tollens Test
The Tollens' test is a reaction that is used to distinguish aldehydes from ketones, as aldehydes are able to be oxidized into a carboxylic acid while ketones cannot. Tollens' reagent, which is a mixture of silver nitrate and ammonia, oxidizes the aldehyde to a carboxylic acid.
Which of the following feature is possessed by aldehydes but not ketones?An aldehyde differs from a ketone by having a hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl group.
Which test distinguishes between aldehydes and ketones quizlet?Another test that is used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones is Benedict's test. Here, a buffered aqueous solution of copper(II) hydroxide and sodium citrate reacts to oxidize aldehydes but does not generally react with ketones.
Which of the following structural features is common to both aldehydes and ketones?The carbonyl group, a carbon-to-oxygen double bond, is the defining feature of aldehydes and ketones. In aldehydes at least one bond on the carbonyl group is a carbon-to-hydrogen bond; in ketones, both available bonds on the carbonyl carbon atom are carbon-to-carbon bonds.
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