According to your textbook, people are persuaded by a speaker, in part, because they are convinced by the speaker’s reasoning; they perceive the speaker as having high credibility; they are won over by the speaker’s evidence According to your textbook, listeners are persuaded by a speaker for one or more of four major reasons. Which of the following is among those reasons the audience’s emotions are touched by the speaker’s ideas or language; the audience perceives the speaker as having high credibility According to your textbook, listeners are persuaded by a speaker for one or more of four major reasons. Which of the following is among those reasons the audience is won over by the speaker’s evidence According to your textbook, the two most important factors affecting the credibility of a persuasive speaker are competence and character According to your textbook, the two most important factors affecting the credibility of a persuasive speaker are competence and character According to your textbook, the two most important factors affecting the credibility of a persuasive speaker are character and competence As explained in your textbook, the credibility of a speaker before he or she starts to speak is called _________ credibility initial According to your textbook, the credibility of a speaker at the end of the speech is called _________ credibility terminal According to your textbook, the credibility of a speaker produced by everything the speaker says or does during the speech itself is called derived credibility What contemporary researchers term credibility, Aristotle termed ethos According to your textbook, when is it especially important for a persuasive speaker to establish common ground with the audience at the beginning of the speech To create common ground with an audience in the introduction of a persuasive speech, your textbook recommends that you show the audience that you share their values Which of the following is recommended in your textbook as a way to enhance your credibility in a persuasive speech explain your expertise on the speech topic; deliver your speeches fluently and expressively; establish common ground with your audience Which of the following is recommended in your textbook as a way to enhance your credibility in a persuasive speech establish common ground with your audience Which of the following is recommended in your textbook as a way to enhance your credibility in a persuasive speech deliver your speeches with genuine conviction According to your textbook, research has shown that speakers can enhance their credibility by delivering their speeches fluently and expressively Which of the following statements about speaker credibility is true the same speaker can have high credibility for one audience and low credibility for another audience Which of the following statements about speaker credibility is true A speaker’s credibility is affected above all by how the audience perceives the speaker’s competence and character Efram’s audience was persuaded by his speech because they perceived him to be sincere, trustworthy, and to have their best interests at heart. Which factor of credibility influenced Efram’s audience character A local landlord with a reputation for failing to return security deposits at the end of a lease has been invited to present his viewpoint at a meeting of the local tenants’ union. To everyone’s surprise, the landlord accepts the invitation despite the fact that he will be facing an audience with a decidedly negative view of his integrity. What factor will the landlord have to overcome if his speech is to have any chance of being persuasive low initial credibility Developer Martin Cray had low credibility when he began his speech to a neighborhood group opposed to a new shopping center he hoped to build. During the speech, his credibility increased because his audience was impressed with his command of the facts and his willingness to work with the neighborhood on plans for the shopping center. According to your textbook, the credibility produced by everything Martin said and did during the speech is called _________ credibility derived Audience members were unsure about the credibility of Jim Gilchrist, founder of the Minuteman Project border patrol group, when he came to speak on campus. As he spoke, he built his credibility by using high-quality evidence and relating to the concerns of his audience. After the speech, students agreed they would like to have him visit campus again for a roundtable discussion. According to your textbook, the credibility that Gilchrist produced by the end of his speech is called _________ credibility terminal Evidence and reasoning are the two major elements of persuasion that Aristotle called logos According to your textbook, using evidence in a persuasive speech can increase the speaker’s credibility; inoculate listeners against counter-persuasion Using evidence is especially critical in a persuasive speech when your target audience opposes your point of view When giving a persuasive speech to an audience that opposes your point of view, it is especially important that you use _________ to answer their objections to your views evidence According to your textbook, it is especially important to use evidence in a persuasive speech in order to answer listerner’s objections Studies have found that public speakers will usually be more persuasive when they present evidence in specific rather than general terms As your textbook explains, studies have found that public speakers will usually be more persuasive when they use specific evidence; use evidence from credible sources; use evidence that is new to the audience As your textbook explains, when you use evidence in a persuasive speech, you should use evidence from credible sources; tell the audience what the evidence proves (Video) Hear a SUBJECT TO OFFER with a Home Owner (Live Negotiation Call Recording) According to your textbook, all of the following are tips for using evidence in a persuasive speech except balance the amount of evidence used to support each main point According to your textbook, as a persuasive speaker, your two major concerns with respect to reasoning are to make sure your reasoning is sound and convincing According to your textbook, when you reason from specific instances in a persuasive speech, you should reinforce your argument with statistics and testimony; avoid drawing conclusions from too few instances When reasoning from specific instances in a persuasive speech, you should be careful to use specific instances that are typical According to your textbook, when reasoning from specific instances in a persuasive speech, it is particularly important to reinforce the specific instances with statistics and testimony What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement. reasoning from specific instances What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? reasoning from specific instances According to your textbook, what kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? reasoning from specific instances What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? reasoning from specific instances What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? reasoning from specific instances What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? reasoning from principle As your textbook explains, when reasoning from principle in a persuasive speech, it is particularly important that you assess whether you need to support your general principle with evidence According to your textbook, what kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? reasoning from principle What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? reasoning from principle In her speech on chewing tobacco, Catherine made the following argument: To be effective, laws governing chewing tobacco sales to minors must be enforced and must have adequate penalties for people who violate the law. My proposal will significantly increase both enforcement provisions and penalties for violators. Therefore, my plan will be effective. What kind of reasoning did Catherine use
In recent years there have been a number of highly publicized cases of sexual harassment in business, government, and education. Thus we can conclude that sexual harassment continues to be a problem for women in the workplace
In recent months, newspapers have carried reports of vicious dogs attacking people in Los Angeles, St. Louis, Boston, and Orlando. These reports show that dog attacks are an increasingly serious problem nationwide
Last summer, a five-year-old boy in Seattle was killed by his brother when the two were playing with their father’s gun. Last month, four-year-old Dylan Jackson accidentally killed himself after finding a loaded gun at a friend’s home during a birthday party. In Tampa, Florida, a two-year-old shot himself in the chest with a pistol left in the family couch. Clearly, children in America are at risk from gun accidents
In the 1770s, the American colonists boycotted British tea and had a big impact on British trade. In 1993, manufacturers in Bangladesh released 150,000 child laborers as a result of threatened boycotts against their products. More recently, Colgate has stopped animal testing for its personal care products in response to consumer boycotts. It is clear from these examples that boycotts have long been used as an instrument of social change
The income of male accountants is 20 percent higher than the income of female accountants. There is a similar difference between the income of male and female lawyers. Even among doctors, we find an income gap of 20 percent or more within most medical specialties. It is clear that in many professions women continue to earn less than men
A sexual encounter with someone who does not consent to it is rape. A person who is incapacitated by alcohol cannot consent to sex. Therefore, a sexual encounter with a person incapacitated by alcohol is rape
Providing a quality education is one of the fundamental responsibilities of any nation. Thousands of American students are stuck in poor-performing schools that barely provide minimal skills. Therefore, the United States is failing to fulfill one of its fundamental obligations as a nation
We should be taking every step we can to protect our health. Getting vaccinated against bacterial meningitis will help protect our health. Therefore, each of us should get vaccinated against bacterial meningitis
reasoning from principle
What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement?
Politicians who are guilty of corruption do not deserve to be reelected. Last year our U.S. representative was proved to be corrupt by using campaign donations for personal financial gain. Therefore, our U.S. representative does not deserve to be reelected
reasoning from principle
According to your textbook, what error in reasoning should a speaker watch out for when using causal reasoning in a persuasive speech
claiming a causal link between two events when they are merely coincidental; assuming that events have only one cause when there may be multiple causes
Which of the following does your textbook say about causal reasoning
causal reasoning can be tricky because the relationship between causes and effects is not always clear
According to your textbook, what kind of reasoning is used in the following statement?
If you’re frequently bothered by nightmares, you might want to change your sleeping position. An article in Prevention magazine reports that a study of 700 people showed that sleeping on your stomach produces the scariest and strangest dreams. Therefore, if you are a stomach-sleeper and are having nightmares, the solution is simple—roll over
causal reasoning
According to your textbook, what kind of reasoning is used in the following statement?
We do not have to look very far to find reasons for the explosion in the number of violent crimes committed by teenagers in the United States. Not only are guns readily available to teenagers, but today’s teenagers have grown up in a culture that glamorizes violence in television and films. The average child in the U.S. has seen more than 20,000 murders on television by the time he or she turns eighteen. Is it any wonder that many of those children are now committing violent crimes themselves
causal reasoning
What kind of reasoning is exemplified in the following statement?
According to a study by the University of Michigan, married men in the United States earn an average of 31 percent more money than unmarried men. It seems clear, then, that for many men being married is a major factor in financial success
causal reasoning
When reasoning analogically, you infer that
what is true in one case will also be true in a similar case
According to your textbook, the most important question to ask when assessing analogical reasoning in a persuasive speech is
whether the two cases being compared are essentially alike
What kind of reasoning is used in the following passage?
Alton Elementary School in Washington, D.C., has had great success getting kids to eat vegetables at lunch by allowing them to taste-test different recipes before putting specific vegetables on the menu. If that plan has worked at Alton, it can work at other schools, too
analogical reasoning
According to your textbook, what kind of reasoning is used in the following passage?
Trying to prevent the use of drugs by criminalizing them is like trying to prevent the use of alcohol through Prohibition in the 1920s—doomed to failure from the beginning. History should have taught us by now that when people want something badly enough, they will find a way to get it, whether it is legal or not
analogical reasoning
What kind of reasoning is used in the following passage?
According to the Washington Post, more than 400 large military drones have crashed around the world, including 49 in the United States. If military drones are crashing in such large numbers, how can we expect to be safe when thousands of civilian drones are unleashed into our skies
analogical reasoning
What kind of reasoning is used in the following passage?
Parents have found that getting the right help for their children who have learning disabilities can an arduous chore. It’s like trying to make your way through a maze with no way out. Every time you think you’re making progress, you run into another brick wall
analogical reasoning
What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement?
Requiring students to sign an honor code has reduced the amount of cheating at dozens of schools. If we adopt such a code at our school, it will help us reduce the amount of cheating, too
analogical
According to your textbook, what kind of reasoning is used in the following statement?
Five years ago, we came together as a community by voting to build a new elementary school. Today we are asking you to come together again, this time to build a new recreational facility. If we did it before, we can do it again
analogical reasoning
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What kind of reasoning is used in the following passage?
In Germany, female employees can take up to 18 weeks of maternity leave with full pay. If such a plan can work in a prosperous nation such as Germany, surely it can work throughout the United States
analogical
What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement?
Colorizing old movies such as Casablanca is like repainting the Mona Lisa
reasoning from analogy
The following statement is an example of reasoning from _________
This program was implemented in Philadelphia two years ago and has provided housing for more than 2,000 people at little cost to the city. If it can work there, it can work here, too
analogy
In her speech arguing for the elimination of pennies from the U.S. money supply, Susan demonstrated that her plan will work by showing that a similar plan worked when the U.S. eliminated the half penny in 1857. What kind of reasoning did Susan use in her argument
analogical reasoning
What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement?
Local control of the school system is the most effective way to educate our children. Therefore, local control of the health care system is the most effective way to maintain the health of our citizens
analogical reasoning
According to your textbook, an error in reasoning is called a
fallacy
According to your textbook, a fallacy is a
an error in reasoning
When reasoning from specific instances, a persuasive speaker should be especially careful to avoid the fallacy of
hasty generalization
The fallacy of hasty generalization occurs when a speaker
jumps to a conclusion on the basis of too few instances; generalizes on the basis of atypical cases
What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement?
A random survey of 20 adults coming out of subway stations in New York City revealed that 16 considered owning a car to be of little importance. Clearly, 80 percent of Americans don’t care much about owning cars
hasty generalization
What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement?
My Volkswagen constantly needs repairs, and so does my roommate’s Mazda. We can see, then, that all foreign cars are unreliable
hasty generalization
What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement?
Both of my roommates drink at least three cans of soda every day and neither of them is overweight, so all those studies that link soda consumption to obesity must be wrong
hasty generalization
Post hoc, ergo propter hoc, meaning "after this, therefore because of this," is a fallacy associated with _________ reasoning
causal
When committing the fallacy of false cause, a speaker assumes
that when one thing follows another, the first is the cause of the second
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
In high school I didn’t have to study at all and I earned good grades in all my classes, so I’m sure I don’t need to study to do well in my college classes
invalid analogy
What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement?
Recent studies have shown that hurricanes with female names result in more deaths and injuries than hurricanes with male names. So if the next hurricane to come your way is named Mary, you can be sure it will be worse than one named Mark
false cause
What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement?
I always wear my blue sweater when I take an exam, but I couldn’t find it yesterday. If I had worn it yesterday, I would not have flunked my accounting exam
false cause
What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement?
The New England Journal of Medicine has discovered that countries that consume the most chocolate have produced over time the greatest number of Nobel Prize winners. Therefore, if you want to increase your chances of winning a Nobel Prize, you should eat plenty of chocolate
false cause
What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following passage?
Home sales were 30 percent higher in the summer of 2011, when temperatures averaged 95 degrees, than they were in the summer of 2010, when the average temperature was only 83 degrees. Clearly, then, hot temperatures make people more inclined to buy a house
false cause
The bandwagon fallacy
assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
The United States is one of only four countries in the world with a minimum legal drinking age of 21. Clearly, then, we should change our drinking age
bandwagon
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
There can’t be anything wrong with cheating on exams if 75 percent of college students do it
bandwagon
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Every presidential administration in recent memory has engaged in questionable fundraising activities, so I don’t see any reason why it is wrong for the current administration to do so
bandwagon
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Instituting a national sales tax must be a bad idea. Polls show that 66 percent of Americans oppose it
bandwagon
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
The best-tasting cola is obviously Coke. More people buy Coke than any other brand
bandwagon
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
The mayor was re-elected with a large majority and continues to have high popularity in the polls. Clearly, then, he has the correct policy on police-community relations
bandwagon
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Everyone runs red lights when they’re in a hurry, so there’s no reason I shouldn’t do it, too
bandwagon
According to your textbook, a fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion is called a
red herring
A red herring fallacy
introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
How can you worry about cruelty to animals when spousal abuse occurs every day
red herring
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According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
How can we be so concerned about shielding children in the U.S. from Internet pornography when millions of children around the world continue to be sold into slavery every year
red herring
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Why should we worry about endangered animal species when thousands of people are killed in automobile accidents each year
red herring
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Why should we be concerned about Siberian tigers becoming extinct when there are more and more homeless people who need our support
red herring
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
We are spending too much time talking about regulating the cable TV industry while other countries are beating us in technological development
red herring
The fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute is referred to as
ad hominem
The ad hominem fallacy
attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
The mayor’s plan to turn the rundown section of the city into a park will never work. Don’t forget that she was involved in a scandal last year
ad hominem
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Councilman Stewart’s recommendations for a wind farm might work, but do you want to take advice from a man who was caught cheating on his wife
ad hominem
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Of course, Senator Davis opposes serious tax reform. Before going into politics, he was a corporate lawyer who defended several companies that have since been implicated in unethical financial dealings
ad hominem
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Representative Thompson’s school proposal may be first rate, but don’t forget that he never attended college himself
ad hominem
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Hannah makes a good argument in favor of providing economic benefits for same-sex couples, but what else would you expect from someone who is openly gay
ad hominem
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
People who oppose the governor’s new welfare program are all a bunch of selfish rich people who don’t have any concern for those less fortunate than themselves
ad hominem
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
What does the mayor know about cutting down on crime? After all, he was accused of shoplifting when he was in college
ad hominem
As your textbook explains, the either-or fallacy is often referred to as a(n)
false dilemma
An either-or fallacy
forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
We have only two choices. Either we agree to a 25 percent increase in the price of food in the school cafeteria, or we’ll have to close the cafeteria for good
either-or
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
We have only two choices. We can either adopt a year-round school system or raise a nation of second-rate intellects
either-or
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
You can either double the size of the police department or let criminals roam the streets
…
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Either we all sign organ donor cards or medical facilities will start cloning people just to sell their body parts
either-or
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
We must either support the governor’s plan to reduce spending on education or we will never be able to balance the state budget
either-or
A slippery slope fallacy
assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented
According to your textbook, how can you avoid the slippery slope fallacy if you think that taking a first step will lead to disastrous consequences
use evidence or reasoning to prove that the consequences will occur
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
If we allow the government to restrict the sale of semiautomatic weapons, before we know it, there will be a ban on ownership of handguns and even hunting rifles. And once our constitutional right to bear arms has been compromised, the right of free speech will be the next to go
slippery slope
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
If you let the postal service eliminate Saturday delivery, then it’s only a matter of time until there’s no mail delivery at all
slippery slope
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Once society recognizes same-sex marriages, all traditional values will be destroyed
slippery slope
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
If we give students vouchers to attend private schools, it won’t be long until the entire public school system is eliminated
slippery slope
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Once the city cuts back on trash pickup from twice a week to once a week, it’s only a matter of time until we have to take all our trash to the dump ourselves
slippery slope
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
If we allow the government to require healthy meals in school cafeterias, then it’s only a matter of time before the government tells us everything we can and cannot eat
slippery slope
What fallacy is exemplified by the following statement?
If we approve a construction permit for this home, the next thing you know other people will want to build in our valley. Then they will pave new roads and put in gas stations and other businesses. Before you know it, all of our beautiful land will be turned into a parking lot for a giant shopping mall
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slippery slope
The fallacy of appeal to tradition
assumes that something old is automatically better than something new
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
The Travelers Insurance Company has been in business since the Lincoln administration. That tells you it has to be a top-notch insurance company
appeal to tradition
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
The university has been using the same admissions standards for the past 120 years. If they were good enough 120 years ago, they are good enough today
appeal to tradition
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
The federal government has been using essentially the same methods to measure poverty since 1965. If those measures were appropriate then, they are appropriate now
appeal to tradition
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Reading an actual book is obviously superior to reading on e-readers or tablets. Books have been around for hundreds of years
appeal to tradition
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
We’ve been using pennies for more than two hundred years. We can’t get rid of them now
appeal to tradition
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
There is no need to change our company’s manufacturing process. Our assembly line has worked for the past 80 years, and it will work just fine for the next 80 years
appeal to tradition
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
There’s nothing wrong with capital punishment. After all, it’s been around for thousands of years
appeal to tradition
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Since the first Tournament of Roses game in 1916, the college bowl system has been a national institution. Changing it now is unthinkable
appeal to tradition
According to your textbook, the fallacy of appeal to novelty assumes
that something new is automatically better than something old
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
If you’re looking for a house, you want to buy a new one. New construction and design techniques have to be better than old ones
appeal to novelty
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Did you hear about the new vacuum cleaner on the market? We should get it, because it’s has to be better than the older ones
appeal to novelty
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
If you really want to lose weight, make sure you use the newest diet on the market. In weight-loss plans, as in everything else, newer is always better
appeal to novelty
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
If you want the most reliable air conditioner, you always should buy the newest model
appeal to novelty
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
The U.S. Constitution is a relic of the past. We should feel free to change it whenever we want, because new ideas will always serve us better than old principles
appeal to novelty
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
It is time to abolish the electoral college. Something new is bound to work better than something that has been around for more than 200 years
appeal to novelty
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?
Of course we should use the latest innovations in testing for high-school students. If the testing methods are new, they will inevitably be better than older methods
appeal to novelty
Appeals to audience emotions such as fear, compassion, guilt, or pride are the kinds of appeals that Aristotle referred to as
pathos
According to your textbook, which of the following statements is true
a public speaker should not substitute emotional appeal for evidence and reasoning; emotional appeal is usually inappropriate in a persuasive speech on a question of fact
According to your textbook, emotional appeal is usually inappropriate in a persuasive speech on a question of
fact
According to your textbook, emotional appeal is
Often necessary when a speaker is trying to move an audience to action.
As your textbook explains, when using emotional appeal in a persuasive speech, you should
make sure it is appropriate to your speech topic; use it in combination with evidence and reasoning
According to your textbook, when using emotional appeal in a persuasive speech, you should
let emotional appeal grow naturally out of the speech content
According to your textbook, the strongest source of emotional appeal in persuasive speaking is
the speaker’s sincerity and conviction
As your textbook explains, _________ are usually the most effective supporting materials if you want to increase the emotional appeal of a persuasive speech
examples
Which of the following is recommended in your textbook as a method for generating emotional appeal in a persuasive speech
develop vivid examples; speak with sincerity and conviction
Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a method for generating emotional appeal in a persuasive speech
develop vivid examples
What does your textbook advise regarding the ethical use of emotional appeals in a persuasive speech
use emotional appeals to supplement your evidence and reasoning
In her persuasive speech, Kari wants to generate emotional appeal to help convince her classmates to sign up as organ donors. According to your textbook, how can Kari create this emotional appeal
use emotional language; develop vivid examples; speak with sincerity and conviction
The Art of Public Speaking • Chapter 17 Methods of Persuasion Mc. Graw-Hill Education
The Art of Public Speaking • Chapter 17 Methods of Persuasion Mc.. Methods of Persuasion § Building credibility § Using evidence § Reasoning § Appealing to emotions Mc.. Mc.. Mc.. Types of Reasoning § Specific instances § Principle § Causal § Analogical Mc.. ” Mc.. Mc.. Mc.. ” Mc.. Fallacies § Hasty generalization § False cause § Invalid analogy § Bandwagon § Red herring Mc.. Fallacies § Ad hominem § Either-or § Slippery slope § Appeal to tradition § Appeal to novelty Mc.. Hasty Generalization Jumping to conclusion based on insufficient evidence Mc.. Appeal to Novelty Assuming something new is automatically better than old Mc.. Ethical Emotional Appeals § Make appropriate to topic § Don’t substitute for evidence, reasoning Mc.
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answeryou read a speech verbatim, that is, from prepared written text that contains the entire speech, word for word. Striving for naturalness is accomplished when you simply present the speech naturally and think of the speech as an important conversation.. answerspeaking from manuscript- reading a bed time story & recipe ingredients speaking from memory- oratory & giving a toast speaking impromptu- answering a question in class & summarizing key points in a reading speaking extemporaneously- speaking from an outline of key words and phrases & having time to prepare a speech. answerthe relative loudness of a speaker's voice while delivering a speech. questionanswera technique for creating eye contact with audiences; the speaker moves his or her gaze across an audience from one listener to another and from one section to another, pausing to gaze briefly at each individual. answerThe 7 elements are volume, pitch, speaking rate, pauses, vocal variety, and pronunciation and articulation.. answeris when a speaker pronounces the clarity of each word so the audience can clearly hear what is being said.. answersmall things tend to distract the audience from what is really going on; by keeping a consistent speech voice and pronunciation, you will receive the audience's full attention.. Eye contact maintains the quality of directness in speech delivery, lets people know they are recognized, indicates acknowledgment and respect, and signals to audience members that you see them as unique human beings.
Explain the steps utilized in Monroe’s motivated sequence.. The purpose of Monroe’s motivated sequence is to help speakers “sequence supporting materials and motivational appeals to form a useful organizational pattern for speeches as a whole” (German et al., 2010).. In the need step of Monroe’s motivated sequence, the speaker establishes that there is a specific need or problem.. Third, you need to show how the solution you have proposed meets the need or problem.. In essence, the visualization stage is where a speaker can show the audience why accepting a specific attitude, value, belief, or behavior can positively affect the future.. In a persuasive speech based on Monroe’s motivated sequence, the action step will end with the speech’s concluding device.. Step in the SequenceYesNo Attention Step Gained audience’s attention□□Introduced the topic clearly□□Showed the importance of the topic to the audience□□ Need Step Need is summarized in a clear statement□□Need is adequately illustrated□□Need has clear ramifications□□Need clearly points the audience□□ Satisfaction Step Plan is clearly stated□□Plan is plainly explained□□Plan and solution are theoretically demonstrated□□Plan has clear reference to practical experience□□Plan can meet possible objections□□ Visualization Step Practicality of plan shown□□Benefits of plan are tangible□□Benefits of plan relate to the audience□□Specific type of visualization chosen (positive method, negative method, method of contrast)□□ Action Step Call of specific action by the audience□□Action is realistic for the audience□□Concluding device is vivid□□ Another format for organizing a persuasive speech is the problem-cause-solution format.. Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that the Nook is more advantageous than the Kindle.. There are three common patterns that persuaders can utilize to help organize their speeches effectively: Monroe’s motivated sequence, problem-cause-solution, and comparative advantage.. Monroe, A. H. (1935).
Explain the two types of policy claims.. There are four common claims that can be made: definitional, factual, policy, and value.. The first common types of claims that a persuasive speaker can make are definitional or classification claims.. You could even look at the legal definition of prostitution and demonstrate to your peers that therapeutic massage does not fall into the legal definition of prostitution because it does not involve the behaviors characterized by that definition.. The simple fact of the matter is that there is not enough evidence to clearly answer this factual claim in any specific direction, which is where the notion of faith must be involved in this factual claim.. The third common claim that is seen in persuasive speeches is the policy claim —a statement about the nature of a problem and the solution that should be implemented.. When we attempt to gain the passive agreement of our audiences, our goal is to get our audiences to agree with what we are saying and our specific policy without asking the audience to do anything to enact the policy.. The alternative to passive agreement is immediate action, or persuading your audience to start engaging in a specific behavior.. Many passive agreement topics can become immediate action-oriented topics as soon as you tell your audience what behavior they should engage in (e.g., sign a petition, call a senator, vote).. Let’s look at three value claims.. When persuaders attempt to gain passive agreement from an audience, they hope that an audience will agree with what is said about a specific policy without asking the audience to do anything to enact the policy.. Select a speech and examine the speech to determine which type of claim is being made by the speech.. Which type of policy outcome was the speech aimed at achieving—passive agreement or immediate action?
People are bombarded by persuasive messages in today’s world, so thinking about how to create persuasive messages effectively is very important for modern public speakers.. Thankfully, scholars who study persuasion have kept up with the changing times and have found a number of persuasive strategies that help speakers be more persuasive.. As we explained in Chapter 6 “Finding a Purpose and Selecting a Topic” , when it comes to persuading people to alter core and dispositional beliefs, persuading audiences to change core beliefs is more difficult than persuading audiences to change dispositional beliefs.. The second type of persuasive speech is one in which the speaker attempts to persuade an audience to change their behavior.. For example, if you are giving your speech on majoring in a foreign language, people who are in favor of majoring in a foreign language are more likely to positively evaluate your message, assimilate your advice into their own ideas, and engage in desired behavior.. If the language or message is too complicated, then people will not highly elaborate on it because they will not understand the persuasive message.. The first reason people are motivated to take the central route or use high elaboration when listening to a persuasive message involves personal relevance and involvement.. Studying persuasion is important today because it helps us become more persuasive individuals, become more observant of others’ persuasive attempts, and have a more complete understanding of the world around us.
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questionWhich organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points?. answerquestionWhich organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience of the causes and effects of the erosion of America's seacoasts"?. questionHere are the main points for a speech on the subject of hearing loss.. questionHere are the main points for a speech about the methods used by Feng shui consultants.. questionHere are the main points for a speech explaining the reasons for the current shortage of teachers.. questionWhich pattern of organization would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To persuade my audience that high school and college football programs should act now to reduce the incidents of serious injuries in their sport."
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questionA speaker's credibility is affected above all by how the audience regards the speaker's. questionWhat kind of reasoning is used in the following statement?. Because the crime-reduction policy I propose has worked successfully in New York, Houston, and New Orleans, we can be confident that it will work here as well.. questionWhat kind of reasoning is used in the following statement?. Because the crime-reduction policy I propose has worked successfully in New York, Houston, and New Orleans, we can be confident that it will work here as well.. questionThe following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?. questionThe following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?. questionThe following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?. questionThe following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?. questionThe following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?. Once we accept money from soft-drink companies for exclusive rights to sell their products in our high schools, it won't be long until businesses are deciding what courses should be taught and what teachers should be hired.
Public speaking topics and ideas for your next speech, including categories on science, self-development, society and more. We also include topic on picking the right topic for you.
October 04, 2018 - Tom Jager Do you enjoy standing up in front of a large audience and making a speech?. “Over the years, however, I have become much more practiced at giving speeches, though it still makes me a bit nervous.”. Warren Buffet stated “you can improve your value by 50 percent just by learning communication skills - public speaking”. So, whether you’re looking for topics for your next public speech or just for practice, take a look at these 45 ideas, including tips on how to choose the best ones for your purpose.. It’s one of the most discussed topics in science right now because AI has been developing at an amazing speed in the recent years.. With all the risks and ethical issues that nanotechnology research is facing now, it could be an interesting topic to discuss.. Your topic should always resemble the interests of your audience, otherwise they could find it boring.
Remember that time you had to present a topic in front of a crowd? Probably it was a proposal at work or an oral report…
Having looked at the basic elements of public speaking, the next thing you need to know is that there are several types of speeches a person can deliver and that there are key principles you can follow to ensure a successful speech delivery.. We keep learning that there are three types of speeches, informative speeches, persuasive speeches and special occasion speeches.. However, I believe and know that there are many more such as debates, motivational speeches, forensic speeches, impromptu speeches, eulogy, and so on.. Examples of special occasion speech include award acceptance speeches which describe what an award means to a person and used to thank someone for an award; tribute speeches which pay tribute to someone who is either alive or dead;. Understanding the basic elements of public speaking and the principles of effective speech delivery will be essential in taking you to that next level of preparing and delivering memorable and engaging speeches.
To help us further understand why public speaking is important, we will first examine public speaking in everyday life.. Whether you competed in public speaking in high school or this is your first time speaking in front of an audience, having the opportunity to actively practice communication skills and receive professional feedback will help you become a better overall communicator.. An additional benefit of taking a public speaking class is that it will help reduce your fear of public speaking.. Heidi Rose and Andrew Rancer evaluated students’ levels of public speaking anxiety during both the first and last weeks of their public speaking class and found that those levels decreased over the course of the semester (Rose & Rancer, 1993).. By taking a course in public speaking, students become better acquainted with the public speaking process, making them more confident and less apprehensive.. Once you’ve learned the basic skills associated with public speaking, you’ll find that being able to effectively speak in public has profound benefits, including. One of the most important skills for leaders to develop is their public speaking skills, which is why executives spend millions of dollars every year going to public speaking workshops; hiring public speaking coaches; and buying public speaking books, CDs, and DVDs.. People have many reasons for engaging in public speaking, but the skills necessary for public speaking are applicable whether someone is speaking for informative, persuasive, or entertainment reasons.. Taking a public speaking class will improve your speaking skills, help you be a more critical thinker, fine-tune your verbal and nonverbal communication skills, and help you overcome public speaking anxiety.. Effective public speaking skills have many direct benefits for the individual speaker, including influencing the world around you, developing leadership skills, and becoming a go-to person for ideas and solutions.
The first part of getting your message across is the message itself.. A basic model of human communication is one of the first topics that most communication teachers start with in any class.. In public speaking, the source is the person who is giving the speech, the channel is the speaker’s use of verbal and nonverbal communication , and the receivers are the audience members listening to the speech.. The second major process is the decoding process, or “sensing (for example, hearing or seeing) a source’s message, interpreting the source’s message, evaluating the source’s message, and responding to the source’s message” (Wrench, McCroskey & Richmond, 2008).. Decoding is relevant in the public speaking context when, as an audience member, you listen to the words of the speech, pay attention to nonverbal behaviors of the speaker, and attend to any presentation aids that the speaker uses.. Once you have interpreted what the speaker is communicating, you then evaluate the message.. For meaning to occur, we must have some shared experiences with our audience; this makes it challenging to speak effectively to audiences with very different experiences from our own.. Most people think of public speaking as engaging in a monologue where the speaker stands and delivers information and the audience passively listens.. Meanings are in people not words.. Part of the dialogic process in public speaking is realizing that you and your audience may differ in how you see your speech.. The dialogic theory of public speaking understands public speaking as a dialogue between speaker and audience.. When thinking about your first speech in class, explain the context of your speech using DeVito’s four dimensions: physical, temporal, social-psychological, and cultural.. On dialogic speech.
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