Which concept corresponds best to the functionalist analysis of the state?

Which statement best expresses why there have been so few charismatic female leaders throughout history?

What type of authority does this example best illustrate?

Final Exam Study Guide (Ch. 17,18,20, & 21) 1. Which statement best expresses the difference between power and authority? a Authority involves intimidation. b Authority is more subtle than power. c Authority is basedWe also discuss several other topics like How to make layout of the LEDD?

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on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power. d Authority is inherited, but power is seized by military force. 2. Which of the following types of authority does not reside primarily in a leader? a Dictatorial b Traditional c Charismatic d Legal-rational 3. In the U.S. Senate, it is customary to assign each senator a seniority ranking based on years of government service and the population of the state he or she represents. A top ranking gives the senator priority for assignments to office space, committee chair positions, and seating on the senate floor. What type of authority does this example best illustrate? a Dictatorial b Traditional c Charismatic d Legal-rational 4. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. used his public speaking abilities and magnetism to inspire African Americans to stand up against injustice in an extremely hostile environment. He is an example of a(n) __________ leader. a traditional b charismaticc legal-rational d illegitimate 5. Which current world figure has the least amount of political power? a President Barack Obama b Queen Elizabeth II c British Prime Minister David Cameron d North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un 6. Which statement best expresses why there have been so few charismatic female leaders throughout history? a Women have different leadership styles than men. b Women are not interested in leading at all. c Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the courseof history. d Male historians have refused to acknowledge the contributions of female leaders in their records. 7. Many constitutional monarchies started out as: a oligarchies b absolute monarchies c dictatorships d democracies 8. Which nation is an absolute monarchy? a Oman b Great Britain c Denmark d Australia9. Which of the following present and former government leaders is generally considered a dictator? a David Cameron b Barack Obama c Qaboos bin Said Al Said d Kim Jong-Un 10. A(n) _________________ is an extremely oppressive government that seeks to control all aspects of its citizens’ lives. a oligarchy b totalitarian dictatorship c anarchy d absolute monarchy 11. Which is not a characteristic of a democracy? a People vote to elect officials. b A king or queen holds the majority of governmental control. c One goal of this type of government is to protect citizens’ basic rights. d A constitution typically outlines the foundational ideas of how this government should operate. 12. Which statement best expresses why the United States is not a true democracy? a Many politicians are corrupt. b Special-interest groups fund political campaigns. c Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy. d Ancient Greece was the only true democracy. 13. In the past, Southern states discouraged African Americans from voting by requiring them to take a _____________________ test.a blood b literacy c lie detector d citizenship 14. Which president signed the Voting Rights Act? a Lyndon Johnson b John F. Kennedy Jr. c Barack Obama d Franklin D. Roosevelt 15. Which factor does not influence voting practices? a Race b Social class c Ethnicity d Voting booths 16. The U.S. Supreme Court case _________________ led to the revision of voting districts to account for differences in population density. a Roe v. Wade b Reynolds v. Sims c Brown v. Board of Education d Marbury v. Madison 17. Which statement best explains the meaning of “one person, one vote”? a One person should not be allowed to vote twice. b A voter deserves one chance to vote. c A voter should vote only once a year. d All people's votes should count equally.18. Which concept corresponds best to functionalism? a Happiness b Interdependence c Revolution d Symbolism 19. Which sociologist is not associated with conflict theory? a C. Wright Mills b G. William Domhoff c Karl Marx d George H. Mead 20. Karl Marx believed social structures evolve through: a supply and demand b enlightenment c conflict d cooperation 21. The Arab Spring, Occupy Wall Street protests, and the Tea Party movement have the following in common: a They sought to destroy central government. b They are examples of conflict theory in action. c They can only occur in a representative democracy. d They used violence as the means of achieving their goals. 22. Which is not one of functionalism’s four main purposes of government? a Maintaining law and order b Meeting social needsc Equally distributing resources d Planning and directing society 23. Sociologist G. William Domhoff’s Who Rules America? asserts that wealth is often necessary to exert the most influence over social and political systems. This is a ____ perspective. a conflict theory b symbolic interactionist c functionalist d feminist 24. Which of the following paradigms would consider movements such as Occupy Wall Street undesirable and unnecessarily forcing social change? a Symbolic interactionism b Functionalism c Feminism d Conflict theory 25. Which of these is an example of a commodity? a A restaurant meal b Corn c A college lecture d A book, blog entry, or magazine article 26. When did the first economies begin to develop? a When all the hunter-gatherers died b When money was invented c When people began to grow crops and domesticate animals d When the first cities were built27. What is the most important commodity in a postindustrial society? a Electricity b Money c Information d Computers 28. In which sector of an economy would someone working as a software developer be? a Primary b Secondary c Tertiary d Quaternary 29. Which is an economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and customs charges? a Capitalism b Communism c Mercantilism d Mutualism 30. Who was the leading theorist on the development of socialism? a Karl Marx b Heidimarie Schwermer c Émile Durkheim d Adam Smith 31. The type of socialism now carried on by Russia is a form of ______ socialism. a centrally planned b marketc utopian d zero-sum 32. Among the reasons socialism never developed into a political movement in the United States was that trade unions _________. a secured workers’ rights b guaranteed health care c broke up monopolies d diversified the workforce 33. Which country serves as an example of convergence? a Singapore b North Korea c England d Canada 34. Ben lost his job when General Motors closed U.S. factories and opened factories in Mexico. Now, Ben is very anti-immigration and campaigns for large-scale deportation of Mexican nationals, even though, logically, their presence does not harm him and their absence will not restore his job. Ben might be experiencing _____________. a xenophobia b global commodity chains c xenophilia d global assembly line 35. Which of the following is not an aspect of globalization? a Integrating governments through international trade b Integrating cultures through international trade c Integrating finance through international traded Integrating child care through international trade 36. One reason critics oppose globalization is that it: a has positive impacts on world trade b has negative impacts on the environment c concentrates wealth in the poorest countries d has negative impacts on political stability 37. All of the following are characteristics of global cities, except: a headquarter multinational corporations b exercise significant international political influence c host headquarters of international NGOs d host influential philosophers 38. Which of the following is not a characteristic of multinational corporations? a A large share of their capital is collected from a variety of nationalities. b Their business is conducted without regard to national borders. c They concentrate wealth in the hands of core nations. d They are headquartered primarily in the United States. 40. Which is evidence that the United States workforce is largely a meritocracy? a Job opportunities are increasing for highly skilled jobs. b Job opportunities are decreasing for midlevel jobs. c Highly skilled jobs pay better than low-skill jobs. d Women tend to make less than men do for the same job. 41. If someone does not earn enough money to pay for the essentials of life he or she is said to be _____ poor. a absolutelyb essentially c really d working 42. About what percentage of the workforce in the United States are legal immigrants? a Less than 1% b 1% c 16% d 66% 43. The population of the planet doubled in fifty years to reach _______ in 1999? a 6 billion b 7 billion c 5 billion d 10 billion 44. A functionalist would address which issue? a The way inner-city areas become ghettoized and limit availability to jobs b The way immigration and emigration trends strengthen global relationships c The way racism and sexism impact the population composition of rural communities d The way humans interact with environmental resources on a daily basis 45. What does carrying capacity refer to? a The ability of a community to welcome new immigrants b The capacity for globalism within a given ethnic group c The amount of life that can be supported sustainably in a particular environment d The amount of weight that urban centers can bear if vertical growth is mandated 46. What three factors did Malthus believe would limit human population? a Self-preservation, old age, and illness b Natural cycles, illness, and immigration c Violence, new diseases, and old age d War, famine, and disease 47. What does cornucopian theory believe? a That human ingenuity will solve any issues that overpopulation creates b That new diseases will always keep populations stable c That the earth will naturally provide enough for whatever number of humans exist d That the greatest risk is population reduction, not population growth 48. In the concentric zone model, Zone B is likely to house what? a The city’s industrial center b Wealthy commuter homes c Formerly wealthy homes split into cheap apartments d Rural outposts 49. What are the prerequisites for the existence of a city? a Good environment with water and a favorable climate b Advanced agricultural technology c Strong social organization d All of the above 50. In 2014, what was the largest city in the world? a Delhib New York c Shanghai d Tokyo 51. What led to the creation of the exurbs? a Urban sprawl and crowds moving into the city b The high cost of suburban living c The housing boom of the 1980s d Gentrification 52. How are the suburbs of Paris different from those of most U.S. cities? a They are connected by public transportation. b There are more industrial and business opportunities there. c They are synonymous with housing projects and urban poor. d They are less populated. 53. How does gentrification affect cities? a They become more crowded. b Less affluent residents are pushed into less desirable areas. c Traffic issues, including pollution, become worse. d All of the above 54. What does human ecology theory address? a The relationship between humans and their environments b The way humans affect technology c The way the human population reduces the variety of nonhuman species d The relationship between humans and other species 55. Urbanization includes the sociological study of what?a Urban economics b Urban politics c Urban environments d All of the above 56. The “tragedy of the commons” is a reference to what? a Global warming b African landowners c The common grazing lands in Oxford d The misuse of private space 57. What are ways that human activity impacts the water supply? a Creating sewage b Spreading chemicals c Increasing radioactivity d All of the above 58. Which is an example of environmental racism? a The fact that a disproportionate percentage of people of color live in environmentally hazardous areas b Greenpeace protests c The prevalence of asbestos in formerly “whites only” schools d Prejudice similar to racism against people with different environmental views than one’s own 59. What is not a negative outcome of shoreline dredging? a Damaged coral reefs b Death of marine life c Ruined sea grass beds d Reduction of human population60. What are the two primary methods of waste disposal? a Landfill and incineration b Incineration and compost c Decomposition and incineration d Marine dumping and landfills 61. Where does a large percentage of e-waste wind up? a Incinerators b Recycled in peripheral nations c Repurposed into new electronics d Dumped into ocean repositories 62. What types of municipal projects often result in environmental racism? a Toxic dumps or other objectionable projects b The location of schools, libraries, and other cultural institutions c Hospitals and other health and safety sites d Public transportation options 63. Which of the following organizations is not an example of a social movement? a National Football League b Tea Party c Greenpeace d NAACP 64. Sociologists using conflict perspective might study what? a How social movements develop b What social purposes a movement serves c What motivates inequitably treated people to join a movementd What individuals hope to gain from taking part in a social movement 65. Which of the following is an example of collective behavior? a A soldier questioning orders b A group of people interested in hearing an author speak c A class going on a field trip d Going shopping with a friend 66. The protesters at the Egypt uprising rally were: a a casual crowd b a conventional crowd c a mass d an acting crowd 67. According to emergent-norm theory, crowds are: a irrational and impulsive b often misinterpreted and misdirected c able to develop their own definition of the situation d prone to criminal behavior 68. A boy throwing rocks during a demonstration might be an example of ___________. a structural conduciveness b structural strain c precipitating factors d mobilization for action 69. If we divide social movements according to their positions among all social movements in a society, we are using the __________ theory to understand social movements.a framing b new social movement c resource mobilization d value-added 70. While PETA is a social movement organization, taken together, the animal rights social movement organizations PETA, ALF, and Greenpeace are a __________. a social movement industry b social movement sector c social movement party d social industry 71. Social movements are: a disruptive and chaotic challenges to the government b ineffective mass movements c the collective action of individuals working together in an attempt to establish new norms beliefs, or values d the singular activities of a collection of groups working to challenge the status quo 72. When the League of Women Voters successfully achieved its goal of women being allowed to vote, they had to undergo frame __________, a means of completely changing their goals to ensure continuing relevance. a extension b amplification c bridging d transformation 73. If a movement claims that the best way to reverse climate change is to reduce carbon emissions by outlawing privately owned cars, “outlawing cars” is the ________.a prognostic framing b diagnostic framing c motivational framing d frame transformation 74. Children in peripheral nations have little to no daily access to computers and the Internet, while children in core nations are constantly exposed to this technology. This is an example of: a the digital divide b human ecology c modernization theory d dependency theory 75. When sociologists think about technology as an agent of social change, which of the following is not an example? a Population growth b Medical advances c The Internet d Genetically engineered food 76. China is undergoing a shift in industry, increasing labor specialization and the amount of differentiation present in the social structure. This exemplifies: a human ecology b dependency theory c modernization d conflict perspective 77. Core nations that work to propel peripheral nations toward modernization need to be aware of: a preserving peripheral nation cultural identityb preparing for pitfalls that come with modernization c avoiding hegemonistic assumptions about modernization d all of the above 78. In addition to social movements, social change is also caused by technology, social institutions, population and ______. a the environment b modernization c social structure d new social movements