Digital literacy can engage learners in the process of learning in all aspects. Learners can utilize tech to help them recall new information. Learners could watch a video or create a video to demonstrate comprehension. Learners could create infographics to show processes. They could even utilize social media to interact with people around the globe.
Schools have the opportunity to help learners expand their knowledge beyond the four walls of the building. They help learners utilize critical thinking skills to evaluate the quality of digital sources and information, which in turn helps learners communicate better.
By teaching digital literacy to learners, they are being prepared to enter adulthood and be successful in their careers. This is part of being an excellent digital citizen. Many learners don’t understand the ramifications of poor digital citizenship. Because of this, it is up to teachers to show them how to become good digital citizens. If you want to know how to accomplish this, keep reading.
Digital literacy in the classroom
Many learners have access to a phone, tablet, or computer. So even if the school does not hand out devices, learners are still accessing information from around the globe through various sources. The challenge is to help train educators and parents about digital literacy so they can help learners navigate the digital world. Think about hosting afterschool seminars for parents and learners to come together to learn about how to utilize their devices properly. Use professional development to teach educators about digital literacy and how to relay the information to their learners.
Another essential aspect of digital literacy is digital citizenship. This involves teaching learners how to interact with their digital community properly and safely. Teach learners what it means to be an excellent digital citizen by explaining the potential consequences of a poorly thought-out post. Digital literacy also involves helping learners be more aware of cyberbullying—currently a huge concern for most learners and parents. Help learners think before they post something online.
Digital literacy and edtech
Tech has and is moving our globe forward at a rapid pace. Helping learners keep up with tech is part of digital literacy. Schools need to take the lead in teaching learners about their digital footprint.
Most of the jobs that are available for learners following their graduation are now being automated. There is a push for learners to learn more about STEM classes. More and more jobs require the employee to have a working knowledge of essential tech. These fields are growing rapidly. Jobs like software developer, statistician, and a civil or environmental engineer are just a few exciting STEM careers that require plenty of digital literacy to be able to complete the tasks.
If you are not teaching your students to be good digital citizens, then you are missing the mark. No worries, you still have time. Use the ideas that I have listed as a starting point; use Google to do more research.
From our Educator Guest Blogger Series
With technology being an integral part of classrooms and students’ lives in general, I realize that my job as a teacher involves helping students successfully navigate the online world.
My goal this year is to help every student develop 21st-century skills, including being responsible users of technology and critical consumers of media they encounter.
As a teacher reading this, you are likely integrating digital media in your classroom. I challenge you, too, in the new year to include media literacy as a part of your daily instruction. But you may wonder, “Why should I be responsible for teaching media literacy, and how can I do it on top of an already packed curriculum?”
Why do ALL educators need to teach media literacy?
Linda Ellerbee, host of Nick News (1992-2015), said, “Media literacy is not just important, it's absolutely critical. It's going to make the difference between whether kids are a tool of the mass media or whether the mass media is a tool for kids to use.” In other words, do we want students to be manipulated by media, or do we want to empower them to use media?
I firmly believe that it’s every teacher’s job to prepare students to become knowledgeable, productive 21st-century citizens. With tweens and teens spending an average of 6 and 9 hours respectively using media (Common Sense Media, 2015) -- and that’s not including homework! -- it’s no longer a question of whether our students will be digital citizens, it’s whether they will be good digital citizens and digital leaders! With media literacy instruction they can be both!!
Media Literacy and 21st-Century Skills
Teaching media literacy provides students with skills that will help them foremost think critically about media. It also cultivates other 21st-century skills like creativity, collaboration, and communication, as well as increasing digital literacy skills through interacting with media, information, and technology. Media literacy instruction can also help your students develop into active consumers of information, determine credible sources, acknowledge biases in media, and be responsible creators of media.
Whether you teach science, English language arts, social studies or art, there is a place for the development of these skills in your instruction!
But HOW Can Educators Include Media Literacy as an Integral Part of Daily Instruction?!
The National Association of Media Literacy Education defines media literacy as “the ability to ACCESS, ANALYZE, EVALUATE, CREATE, & ACT using all forms of communication.” Let’s look at some ways educators can help students develop into media-literate individuals.
Access to Quality Sources. We need to ensure students can access quality sources that are current, reliable, and unbiased when they are interacting with media at school.
- Provide students a curated collection of quality resources through links in their learning management systems or tools like Padlet or Waklet.
- Provide access to quality content collections like Pebble Go, Epic!, and NewsELA.
- Teach older students strategies for searching for information. Reach out to your media specialist, and I’ll bet he or she will be happy to help you!
Analyze/Evaluate Using Critical Thinking. But how do students know which sources are credible when the encounter them without our support? Whether they are watching YouTube, reading news, or analyzing images, students need skills to understand information, put it in context, and differentiate between real and fake. One way to do this is to teach students to ask questions when analyzing and evaluating media:
- Who is the author?
- What is its purpose? (inform, entertain, persuade)
- How might different people interpret this message?
- Are there certain groups of people being represented and/or excluded?
- Were certain details left out? Why?
- Also consider: Are sources cited? Are there grammar and spelling errors?
Additionally, giving students the time and opportunity to think for themselves and coaching them on how to ask questions is instrumental for them to learn to analyze and evaluate media on their own.
While teachers must explicitly provide students opportunities to think critically, the critical thinking involved in analyzing and evaluating digital resources should be routinely modeled through teacher think alouds, where students hear, see, and experience this type of thought process.
Creating Media Content. We want to shift from students being solely consumers to being creators who can express themselves through media. When students create media, especially with the questions for analyzing and evaluating in mind, it helps them to consider the impact their creations will have on their audience. Some quality tools for students to use for creating include Seesaw, Google Tools, Canva, Book Creator, and Meme Generator.
Distributing Created Messages Responsibly. Besides thinking critically about media, this is probably one of the most important parts of media literacy. We want students to be life-long learners prepared to internalize what they’ve learned about media and transfer it beyond the classroom, including monitoring themselves on social media, being critical of media before sharing it, and empowering them to create and share media responsibly!
Media Literacy Resources to Try Tomorrow
While there are a plethora of resources for teaching media literacy, these tried-and-true resources should help you develop ideas to take back to your classroom and use immediately.
SCETV/PBS Education Resources
SCETV/PBS Pre-K-12 content like Knowitall, Learning Why, and PBS LearningMedia provide quality media and multimedia resources and lessons for SC students and teachers.
* Improve your media literacy knowledge and skills plus earn micro-credentials with FREE courses from PBS and KQED!
Let’s have a look at the case of Smita to understand.
Smita teaches at ABCD International School in Pune. Her sister, Rani, is also a teacher and works for Girl’s High School, Bilaspur. They both have the same job description. Smita develops her lesson plans, worksheets on the computer, she takes help from various sites and apps. She shares these things through an app. She can refer back, easily, to her work whenever she wants. Her sister develops all these things in hard copy and has a pile of paper rammed into her desk drawer. She hands it over to the student when she meets them in class. If she wants to refer back, it becomes a cumbersome business for her.
In the former case, we see that the work is digitalized and, in the latter case, is not. To work on digital media, we need to have knowledge about the topic as well as the usage. This acquaintance with the functioning of digital media, is called digital literacy.
Literacy means reading and writing skills. There was a time in history when we were formulating policies and working for literacy. Still, we have some more distance to travel before we achieve our goal of 100% literate India. Suddenly a tremendous development occurred in the Information and Technology sector, and now with the advent of the internet and with globalization, a certain segment of this massive population has tread forward and is motivated to be digitally literate. The word digital tacked before literacy, changes the meaning. ‘Digital’ is an elaborate topic, but in short, it is something that deals with technology.
According to the American Library Association’s task force,
“Digital literacy is the ability to use information and communication technologies to find, evaluate, create, and communicate information, requiring both cognitive and technical skills.”
Digital literacy has been explained more simply by Hiller Spires, a professor of literacy and technology at North Carolina State University, as having three aspects
- Finding and Consuming Digital Content – Finding content happens when you go through the search engines, type out the keywords, and sift through a lot of available data and then find out what is relevant for you.
Once you find out what you were looking for you, read through it. But passive reading on any gadget is equivalent to reading from a book. This reading or article, when stacked with hyperlinks, videos, audio clips, images, interactive graphics, share buttons, or a comments section, requires you to use your technical skills and intelligence to make a decision. This makes the two readers different from each other. How much you stray away from your landing/initial page differs for each reader.
- Creating Digital Content – The next aspect is creating content. It enhances the skills to prepare responsible content in the form of emails, tweets, podcasts, videos, etc. These require mature thinking, as digital content is often meant to be shared. It also requires creativity and knowledge of various digital tools.
- Communicating or Sharing it – Digital content is usually meant to be shared. Communicating digital content needs to be guided properly to have the proper impact as it also saves the person sharing it from any kind of danger. The content needs to be such as it doesn’t attract any kind of dangerous controversy and puts the person’s privacy, safety, and reputation at stake. The consequence of the matter shared should be thoroughly interpreted before communicating it.
Here is a short video for understanding Digital Literacy better:
//www.youtube.com/watch?v=8o96ey4jCgE
Digital Literacy is Important for Teachers.
The modern generation is marked with a quality called ‘speed,’ and nobody has patience.
The proverb, ‘slow and steady wins the race’ has lost its significance.
Gadgets and gismo surround Their life. The teachers who shoulder the major responsibility of imparting education to this generation have to match up to the expectation of these fast-paced young netizens.
Information, if not conveyed properly, may have disastrous results. Young learners are exposed to the digital world at a very early age, but they should also be taught to handle it properly and manage to extract the essence of knowledge available digitally. Teachers play an important role in this.
The teachers of today’s generation must equip themselves with the digital skills necessary to help their students become responsible digital citizens.
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Here we will walk through a few motives why digital literacy is important for teachers:
Modern students who have access to an internet connection and even a smartphone can find answers to all kinds of questions, whether simple or complex. But they may not understand the answers. They are also not aware of the genuineness of the information or the source.
It is the digitally literate teacher’s responsibility to guide the students regarding which sources are authentic and which are updated regularly or whether there are other useful sites linked to the subject and, more importantly, the piece of information is written in biased language or objective.
It is the educator who inspires the student to be creative and prompt deep thinking and logical analysis among students. In this way, the students come out with original ideas and their answers. The teacher should encourage students to have an all-around knowledge of the software, which is relevant.
Young people are taught by their elders to grow up and become responsible citizens of a country. Similarly, the web world also requires accountable citizens so that it develops healthily. With the increase in the number of people using the digital space for various reasons, there are strong chances of illicit activities taking place. The students may also fall prey to such activities as either victims or offenders (as they lack enough knowledge).
Here again, the teacher plays a major role. He/she can guide and motivate their students to be responsible digital citizens. In general, two major issues surface in the case of education-related digital misuse; academic plagiarism and cyberbullying.
Academic plagiarism occurs because of random copying and sharing of information from the digital world. The student may even do it unknowingly or without having a proper understanding of the issue of plagiarism. In this case, the teacher should discuss plagiarism at the beginning of the session and lay down strict rules.
Cyberbullying is a prevalent deviant behavior among students. Bullying itself is a major concern in schools or educational institutions in the 21st century. This irresponsible behavior surfaces in the electronic media as well. Students should be deterred from engaging in such activities, and those bullied must be given proper counseling.
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Our country is a developing country with a huge population, resulting in social and economic stratification. Therefore the development of technology, which is acting as a boon for e privileged few, does not reach a large percentage of potential learners. This causes a divide. The digitally literate teacher can advocate for the cause and help the government find a solution to such an intrinsic problem.
Students are proficient in using various apps and sites very well. But in many cases, they are not able to fathom the potential of the app. It is the responsibility of the teacher to help students use their digital knowledge appropriately.
For example, children use Instagram to post photographs but never think of using it for their projects. They use TikTok and similar apps to upload insensible stuff but never think of using it as a journalism tool or showcase best practices.
A digitally literate teacher can use various available apps and information to impart better and elaborate education. Keeping in view the different students, the teacher can devise lesson plans and mode of delivery that is best suited to an individual student. A student who gets easily distracted can be shown visuals, if someone is more comfortable in hearing what the teacher says, he /she can be provided audio clues. Similarly, the teacher can share information based on individual needs, thus making use of technology.
A digitally literate teacher knows his/her class properly, and in cases when the school management forces irrelevant apps or culture-specific programs to be included in classroom teaching, the sensible teacher may logically explain the pros and cons of using such a tool.
Digitally literate teachers can give crucial suggestions to education-based technology developers on pedagogical practices or specific subjects. This enhances the quality as well as the quantity of useful data for educational purposes. Digitally educated teachers can even share their expertise with their peers, thus upgrading the teaching standards.
Status of Digital Literacy in India
India, as we all are aware, is blessed with a huge population. It is a herculean task for the government to keep up with the development of such a diversified country. In our country, which has just started climbing up the ladder of development, struggling to take a step forward, digital literacy is a distant dream. We have almost 40% of the population below the poverty line, the general illiteracy rate itself is 25 to 30%, and digital illiteracy is more than 90%.
However, the world outside is undergoing a profound change, scientists and technologists are gearing up for the future of digitization. UNESCO, as a monitoring indicator of its Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4), urges the countries to keep digital literacy. Nonetheless, the government is trying to do its bit to provide the citizens with the enormous benefits of digital literacy.
The government launched the Digital India campaign in 2015, but it had has its share of challenges like inadequate infrastructure, low bandwidth, non-availability of computers. Therefore, we need to review the planning for optimizing the digital India campaign and motive.
- We first need to clarify what essentially is meant by ‘Digital Literacy’!
- Once the target is set, we need to give a direction to it. Maybe we should frame a strong policy, keeping in view the situation in our country. And the private sector should also be involved.
- Next, we should motivate the creation of content for digital media. The intelligent Indians are capable of and are at present, creating a lot of content.
- A proper record should be maintained regarding digital literacy in government offices and, more importantly, in educational institutions.
- And lastly, we need to keep track of the young digital citizens and guide them to consume content thoughtfully and be creative.
After reviewing the status of India’s digital literacy rate we can conclude that we have a long way to go, none the less we cannot forget our achievements and see the other side of the picture. Our education system has been revamped, and Information technology has been introduced as an important subject. Computers have been made available to many underprivileged schools to make our rural population digitally literate. To make this development forward, we need to focus on making our teachers digitally literate.
Digitally Literate Teachers in Modern-Day Schools.
The teachers have been vested with the responsibility of all-around development of students. Therefore they keep themselves updated always. Many urban schools have brought in digital technology to be used regularly for the delivery of lessons. Smart classes with various education apps have been installed to make learning easy and fun. The teachers have updated themselves in using digital media to prepare lessons, worksheets, and even question papers and mark sheets.
Online teaching is becoming a normal phenomenon, and teachers tend to become more innovative and put in extra efforts to create interactive classes with video and audio clips.
We have seen that this digital literacy has helped during the recent lockdown due to the deadly Coved – 19.
Role of Digital Literacy among teachers and students during this pandemic
The deadly COVID 19 has locked the world in their homes. Everything came to a halt, except medical, banking, transportation of essential goods, vital services, law and order, and partly the education sector. During these difficult times, certain schools showed how to utilize their time efficiently by holding online classes on various meeting apps (Zoom, Microsoft teams, Cisco WebEx). This was made possible by the digital literacy of teachers and students alike. Teachers exhausted their time and energy, preparing interactive sessions, and the students responded enthusiastically.
Major Concerns About Digital Literacy in India
- Though there have been some efforts to impart digital education to teachers, there is a dearth of computer teachers in rural areas. A certain village in Odisha has 18 computers, but only 10% is computer literate as there is no teacher there.
- Many children have the privilege of getting exposed to digital media, and they tend to learn using it without formal training. In the process, they may harm themselves. So proper digital safety measures need to be taken. Teachers can only teach this.
- The digital divide is a major concern in the Indian scenario where there is a wide disparity in economic conditions.
To Sum Up
Imparting education online is not new. The world is undergoing rapid change, and for almost a decade, digitalization of all sectors is being emphasized. The education sector was also revamped in the light of the newfound knowledge and has been a boon to many.
A study by the Centre for communication and development studies of a school in Uttarahalli, Bengaluru, presents an encouraging picture of the integration of technology in education by digitally literate teachers. This school is considered a model in contrast to the lack of motivation, a conviction of the positive impact on education, and infrastructure in many schools.
The teachers here were self-motivated to impart education using digital media. They have 15 desktops, 18 laptops, and six tablets. Learning Links, Educomp, and the Dell Youth Connect Programme. The teachers receive both formal (from the Educomp and Learning Link resource persons) and informal training (they share their experiences among themselves). They feel imparting daily lessons, remedial classes, etc. are easy as students, for example, understand ppts better as they are to the point. Moreover, the teachers themselves feel empowered, though they initially felt it to be a burden and thought of digital media only as a source of entertainment, with children taking more interest in digital learning methods, the teachers were inspired to put in more hours and upgrade themselves.
All schools must work in this way, and now NCERT has introduced a digital safety curriculum for schools. Soon, we will see our digitally literate teachers building the pathway towards a digitally educated India who has full knowledge of digital etiquettes and as responsible digital citizens.
However, India still has to improve on infrastructure. But we must not lose hope, and we should help our brethren as we all are part of this great nation. A smart blend of online and offline teaching can help in bridging the digital divide. With the growing use of smartphones by all categories of people can also help in serving as a tool to provide digital literacy. Moreover, modern-day youth is aware that digital literacy places them in a better position to earn a job.
Kofi Annan(former Secretary-General of the United Nations and Nobel laureate) had once stated, “Literacy is a bridge from misery to hope. It is a tool for daily life in modern society. It is a bulwark against poverty and a building block of development… Literacy is, finally, the road to human progress and the means through which every man, woman, and child can realize his or her full potential.” This is very much applicable in the case of digital literacy as well.
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