Hint: We will use the definition that a set is closed under any operation if and only if the binary operation on any two elements belonging in the set results in a third number which also belongs to the given set. Otherwise, not closed under the operation. We will check individually for each binary operation given if they satisfy the condition or not. Complete step by step solution: Show
Therefore, option (C) is correct. Note: Natural numbers are an important part of the number system, including all the positive integers from 1 to infinity, used for counting purposes. Natural numbers come under real numbers and include the positive integers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8... and so on. Numbers can be found everywhere around us, used for counting objects, representing or transferring money, calculating temperature, telling time, and so on. "Natural Numbers" refer to the Numbers used to count objects. When counting objects, we might say 5 glasses, 6 books, 1 bottle, and so on. The number system includes all positive integers from 1 to infinity, which is known as Natural Numbers. Natural Numbers are sometimes known as counting numbers because they do not include zero or negative numbers. They are only positive integers, not zeros, fractions, decimals, or negative Numbers, and they are part of the real Number system. A set of all whole numbers except 0 is referred to as Natural Numbers. These figures play a significant role in our day-to-day activities and communication. Natural Numbers are those that can be counted and are a portion of real Numbers. The set of Natural Numbers contains only positive integers such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and so on. Natural Numbers refer to non-negative integers (all positive integers). Examples can be 39, 696, 63, 05110, and so on. Natural numbers are the positive integers, including numbers from 1 to infinity. Natural numbers are countable numbers and are preferable for calculations. 1 is the smallest natural number and the sum of natural numbers from 1 to 100 is n(n+1)2. Whole Numbers and Natural NumbersNatural numbers and whole numbers are different from each other in the matter of including zero. Whole numbers include zero, but all natural numbers are the positive numbers excluding zero. Every natural number is a whole number, but every whole number is not a natural number. Set of Natural NumbersThe term "Set" refers to a group of items (Numbers in this context). In mathematics, the Set of Natural Numbers is written as 1,2,3,... The Set of Natural Numbers is symbolised by the symbol N. N = 1,2,3,4,5 and so on. In mathematics, the Set of Natural Numbers is written as 1,2,3,... N is the natural numbers’ set representation and represents the following: Statement: N = Set of numbers starting from 1 and lasting till infinity. Roster Form: N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10... and so on} Set Builder Form: N = {x: x is a number starting from 1} Properties of the Natural NumberNatural numbers follow four main properties, which are as follows:
Closure PropertyA natural number is closed under addition and multiplication. This means that adding or multiplying two natural numbers results in a natural number. However, for subtraction and division, natural numbers do not follow closure property. Addition When a and b are two natural numbers, a+b is also a natural number. For example, 2+3=5, 6+7=13, and similarly, all the resultants are natural numbers. Subtraction For two natural numbers a and b, a-b might not result in a natural number. E.g. 6-5 = 1 but 5-6=-1. Multiplication When a and b are two natural numbers, a*b is also a natural number. Example, 3*5 =15, and similarly all resultants from multiplication are natural numbers. Division For the two rational numbers a and b, the division might or might not result in a natural number. E.g. \[\frac{10}{2} =5\] but \[\frac{10}{3} = 3.33.\]. Associative PropertyNatural numbers follow associative property for addition and multiplication. For three rational numbers, say, a, b and c, a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c and a * (b * c) = (a * b) * c. Whereas, natural numbers do not follow associative property for multiplication and division. Addition For natural numbers a, b and c, addition is associative, i.e. a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c. For example, (15 +3) +1 = 19 = 15 + (3 + 1) Multiplication For natural numbers a, b and c, multiplication is associative, which means, a * (b * c) = (a * b) * c. Example: (3 * 1) * 15 = 45 = 3 * (1 * 15). Subtraction For three natural numbers a, b, and c, subtraction is not associative, meaning, a – (b – c) is not equal to (a –b) – c. For example: (2 – 15) – 1 = -14 but 2 – (15 – 1) = -12. Division For three natural numbers a, b, and c, division is not associative, i.e. \[\frac{a}{(b/c)}\] is not equal to \[\frac{(a/b)}{c}\] . Example: \[\frac{2}{(3/6)} = 4\] but \[\frac{(2/3)}{6} = 0.11\] Commutative PropertyFor any two given natural numbers a and b, addition and multiplication are commutative, i.e. a+b = b+a and a*b = b*a. However, division and subtraction are not commutative for the natural number (s), i.e. a-b is not equal to b-a and \[\frac{a}{b}\] is not similar to \[\frac{b}{a}\]. Distributive PropertyFor the given three natural numbers a, b and c, multiplication is distributive over addition and subtraction. This means that a * (b + c) = ab + ac and a * (b – c) = ab – ac. Smallest Natural Number1 is the Smallest Natural Number. We know that the Smallest element in N is 1 and that for each element in N, we may talk about the next element in terms of 1 and N. (which is 1 more than that element). 2 is one greater than one, 3 is one greater than two, and so on. Which is closed under subtraction?(b) rational numbers are closed under subtraction.
Which is not closed under subtraction?Whole numbers are not closed under subtraction operation because when any two whole numbers are considered and from them one is subtracted from the other, the difference obtained is not necessarily a whole number. For example: 2 - 3 = -1 and -1 is not a whole number.
Is whole numbers closed under subtraction?Closure property : Whole numbers are closed under addition and also under multiplication. 1. The whole numbers are not closed under subtraction.
Can you subtract natural numbers?Subtraction of natural numbers is not closed: the difference is not a natural number unless the minuend is greater than or equal to the subtrahend. For example, 26 cannot be subtracted from 11 to give a natural number.
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