Sections Show Basic Review of Transformations Investigating Translations on the Coordinate Grid Investigating Reflections on the Coordinate Grid Investigating Reflections on the Coordinate Grid (cont) Investigating Rotations on the Coordinate Grid
Copy and paste the link code above. Congruence refers to the exact similarity in terms of the dimensions of a shape or polygon including as well as the angles of the shape. Rotating does not change the image, as well as reflecting and translating. Hence the answers that apply are A, D and E.Due to Adobe’s decision to stop supporting and updating Flash® in 2020, browsers such as Chrome, Safari, Edge, Internet Explorer and Firefox will discontinue support for Flash-based content. As a result, this site has been retired. If you have additional questions please contact Savvas Learning Company to find either your sales rep or the technical support form. IXL offers hundreds of grade 8 math skills to explore and learn! Not sure where to start? Go to your personalized Recommendations wall to find a skill that looks interesting, or select a skill plan that aligns to your textbook, state standards, or standardized test. Students will begin to develop writing and reading skills through phonemic awareness, phonics, and decoding. Students will learn how to identify story elements through the use of literary and informational texts. 1st Grade ELA Students will build on and add to their previously learned foundational skills. They will develop a fuller range of phonics, comprehension, vocabulary, spelling, and fluency skills. Students will think critically about literary and informational texts and begin to practice writing to communicate their thoughts. Genres of writing will include narrative, informational, and persuasive writing. 2nd Grade ELA Students will increase the complexity of foundational phonics, high-frequency words, and sentence creation. Reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills are intertwined so that students learn them organically and with purpose. Students will read a variety of texts, excerpts, articles, and leveled readers across genres. Through reading and writing, students will explore character analysis, story structure, biographies, and interpretation of informational texts. 3rd Grade ELA Students will apply critical thinking skills in their reading and learn the skills to become independent readers and writers. Students will read multiple genres of both literary and informational texts and use these texts as models for their own writing. 4th Grade ELA Students will continue to develop their reading and writing skills with a growing focus on expository and opinion writing. Students will increase their autonomy as readers and support claims through the use of textual evidence. 5th Grade ELA Students will read both fiction and nonfiction texts and will work to write opinion pieces with strong evidential support. Students will work to examine multiple types of texts and writing to support claims with textual evidence. English 6 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; English 6A, English 6B This course provides a strong foundation in grammar and the writing process. It emphasizes simple but useful composition and language mechanics strategies with multiple opportunities for modeling practical, real-world writing situations that will enable students to improve their written communication skills quickly. Through a variety of grade-appropriate reading selections, students develop a clear understanding of key literary genres and their distinguishing characteristics. English 7 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; English 7A, English 7B English 7 Integrates the study of writing and literature through the examination of a variety of genres. Students identify the elements of composition in the reading selections to understand their function and effect on the reader. Practice is provided in narrative and expository writing. Topics include comparison and contrast, persuasion, and cause and effect essays, as well as descriptive and figurative language. Lessons are supplemented with vocabulary development, grammar, and syntax exercises, along with an introduction to verbal phrases and research tools. English 8 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; English 8A, English 8B English 8 extends the skills developed in English 7 through detailed study of parts of sentences and paragraphs to understand their importance to good writing. Students also acquire study skills such as time management and improved test-taking strategies. Other topics include punctuation, word choice, syntax, varying of sentence structure, subordination and coordination, detail and elaboration, effective use of reference materials, and proofreading. English 9 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; ENGLISH 9A, ENGLISH 9BHonors course available English 9 is a course that uses texts of high complexity to provide an integrated language arts study in reading, writing, speaking, listening, and language in order to ready students for college and career. Students must think critically while actively reading for explicit and implicit meaning as they examine both literary and informational texts. Students will write for a variety of purposes including developing and supporting argumentative claims, creating informative and expository responses, and crafting narratives that develop real or imagined events. The course places an emphasis on identifying and using textual evidence to support critical analysis whether it be for a written or spoken response. Finally, students will acquire effective listening, viewing, and speaking skills and be able to transfer those specific skills into a collaborative setting. View Syllabus English 10 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; ENGLISH 10A, ENGLISH 10BHonors course available This course centers around reading, writing, and critical thinking. Incorporating universal themes found in plays, novels, and poetry, it uses these three skills to challenge you to not just examine texts for what is being expressed— it pushes you to analyze why and how language is used to affect an audience. The course also offers you an opportunity to explore more creative expressions of your acquired knowledge with unique and innovative projects. Finally, it encourages you to claim ownership of your learning, blending independent studies with your guided online experience, echoing a more “real world” reflection of personal accountability and responsibility. View Syllabus English 11 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; ENGLISH 11A, ENGLISH 11BHonors course available English 11 has two main objectives. The first is to help build cultural capital, while you take a historical survey through the American literature timeline. You will then trace a path from the icons of the Colonial era, through the tumultuous 1800s, and stop at today’s Post Modern landscape. The second objective is to help build global citizenship, which will ask you to research, critically think, and write about the issues that are most crucial, most vital, and most affecting life around the world. Together, these objectives work to build upon the skills of the past while exploring the potential for a brighter future. English 12 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; ENGLISH 12A, ENGLISH 12BHonors course available English 12 provides learners opportunities to make critical and informed responses to texts which are wide-ranging in their form, style and context. Experience British literature that introduces you to the cultural and societal contexts of the literary pieces you read. Advanced writing assignments are required, including a research paper based on your interests. English 12 provides learners opportunities to make critical and informed responses to texts which are wide-ranging in their form, style and context. You will also produce your own imaginative writing, and will demonstrate your ability to produce writing for given audiences. Fine ArtsKindergarten Art Students in this course will explore drawing techniques, perspective, and color theory. Students will study and create works of abstract art, pointillism, cubism, and pop art, while also learning about famous artists such as Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol, Jackson Pollock, Georges Seurat, Vincent Van Gogh, Henri Matisse, and more. Kindergarten Music The focus of this class is to provide students with many enjoyable experiences in music and the opportunity to learn and develop a variety of music-related skills. Through singing, playing, listening, and reading, students will experience the various elements of music. In class, students will be introduced to various styles and kinds of music. 1st Grade Art Students in this course will explore drawing techniques, perspective, and color theory. Students will study and create works of abstract art, pointillism, cubism, and pop art, while also learning about famous artists such as Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol, Jackson Pollock, Georges Seurat, Vincent Van Gogh, Henri Matisse, and more. 1st Grade Music The focus of this class is to provide students with many enjoyable experiences in music and the opportunity to learn and develop a variety of music-related skills. Through singing, playing, listening and reading, students will experience the various elements of music. In class, students will be introduced to various styles and kinds of music. 2nd Grade Art Students in this course will explore drawing techniques, perspective, and color theory. Students will study and create works of abstract art, pointillism, cubism, and pop art, while also learning about famous artists such as Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol, Jackson Pollock, Georges Seurat, Vincent Van Gogh, Henri Matisse, and more. 2nd Grade Music The focus of this class is to provide students with many enjoyable experiences in music and the opportunity to learn and develop a variety of music-related skills. Through singing, playing, listening and reading, students will experience the various elements of music. In class, students will be introduced to various styles and kinds of music. 3rd Grade Art Students in this course will explore drawing techniques, perspective, and color theory. Students will study and create works of abstract art, pointillism, cubism, and pop art, while also learning about famous artists such as Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol, Jackson Pollock, Georges Seurat, Vincent Van Gogh, Henri Matisse, and more. Students in grades 3-5 will also have a chance to try their hand at some digital art. 3rd Grade Music The focus of this class is to provide students with many enjoyable experiences in music and the opportunity to learn and develop a variety of music-related skills. Through singing, playing, listening, and reading, students will experience the various elements of music. In class, students will be introduced to various styles and kinds of music. 4th Grade Art Students in this course will explore drawing techniques, perspective, and color theory. Students will study and create works of abstract art, pointillism, cubism, and pop art, while also learning about famous artists such as Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol, Jackson Pollock, Georges Seurat, Vincent Van Gogh, Henri Matisse, and more. Students in grades 3-5 will also have a chance to try their hand at some digital art. 4th Grade Music The focus of this class is to provide students with many enjoyable experiences in music and the opportunity to learn and develop a variety of music-related skills. Through singing, playing, listening, reading, and playing the recorder, students will experience the various elements of music. In class, students will be introduced to various styles and kinds of music. 5th Grade Art Students in this course will explore drawing techniques, perspective, and color theory. Students will study and create works of abstract art, pointillism, cubism, and pop art, while also learning about famous artists such as Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol, Jackson Pollock, Georges Seurat, Vincent Van Gogh, Henri Matisse, and more. Students in grades 3-5 will also have a chance to try their hand at some digital art. 5th Grade Music The focus of this class is to provide students with many enjoyable experiences in music and the opportunity to learn and develop a variety of music-related skills. Through singing, playing, listening, reading, and playing the recorder/and or ukulele, students will experience the various elements of music. In class, students will be introduced to various styles and kinds of music. Art 1 Art I encourages students to collaborate to create art. Students investigate how art can be personally significant while learning to be open to new artistic ideas, materials, methods, and creative approaches. In this course, students also explore the ways in which art equipment and materials can affect the environment. They study why and how artistic design can influence people, and they design art for a diverse population. Students also determine whether works of art successfully communicate their intended message. This course introduces three-dimensional art, and students compare two-dimensional and three-dimensional pieces before creating their own 3-D artwork. They will view art from around the world and determine what the works reveal about the values and lifestyles of the people depicted in the works. Finally, students learn the importance of preserving art and the ways in which to critique art. Art 2 Prerequisite: Art 1 In Art II, students transition from exploratory art discovery to a more discipline-based approach. This new approach focuses on developing students’ skills and techniques as well as content knowledge, while still allowing for exploration and individuality. Students have the opportunity to act as real artists through repeated sketching, concept development, and continued research and observation activities while they work with a variety of media. Art II includes a strong focus on independent, creative thinking and problem solving through project-based learning. This course is designed to cover a half year of instruction, but it can be completed at each student’s own pace. The project-based activities have dedicated, multi-day lessons to allow students time to sufficiently and successfully develop their ideas and artwork. Art 3 Prerequisite: Art 1 and Art 2 In Art III, students will be introduced to design elements and principles, as well as contemporary art-making processes and the act of conceptual thinking. The Art III curriculum is designed to cover a half-year of instruction but can be completed at each student’s own pace. COURSE TOPICS
Middle School Photography HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: MS PHOTOGRAPHY 1A, MS PHOTOGRAPHY 1B Photographs are all around us, and each helps to tell a story. Now it’s time for you to create your story through photos you learn how to take in part A of this course. Learn the basics of using a camera, lighting, and how to choose great subjects to create magazine-worthy photos and amaze your friends and family with your skills. Do you have vacation photos or pics of your pet that need a little editing? How about getting ready to add that new selfie you took to your social media platform? Taking photos is an art, and editing photos is a skill that many photographers seek to master. In part of this course, explore how to manipulate angles and lighting, the purpose for different types of photo files, how to use different software to edit photos, and safe places you can store them. You’ll be well on your way to being an editing guru when you’re done with this course. Required Materials
Note: A Smartphone may be used for most required tasks; however, appropriate applications will need to be installed to allow the student to make the necessary adjustments to the camera mode, shutter speed, and aperture. Middle School Guitar HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; MS GUITAR 1A, MS GUITAR 1B This course is designed for people who have never picked up the instrument before but have always wanted to try. The course covers all of the notes, chords, and theory that you need to get started. And for those more advanced players, you’ll learn about different musical styles and techniques that aim to round out your sound and inspire your song craft. You will need a playable six-string guitar and a way to record and submit a video performance to your instructor. A guitar is “playable” if it is the correct size for the guitarist, is easy to press the strings down against the frets, and plays in tune up and down the fretboard. There are three common types of six-string guitars: classical, steel string, and electric. If you do not already have a guitar, you may want to seek the advice of an experienced guitarist, a guitar teacher, or your local music store. This course is taught using a right-handed guitar. Students choosing to use a left-handed guitar will need to adjust accordingly. No prior music background is required. No prerequisites are required. Required MaterialsTo complete this course, you will need 1 of the following types of guitars:
You will also want a few picks at your disposal. Optional purchases that most players like to have on hand include:
Middle School Ukulele The ukulele is the perfect instrument for budding musicians who have never played a musical instrument, as well as experienced musicians who desire to expand their instrumental diversity. MS Ukulele is an entry-level course for students wishing to develop knowledge of musical concepts, while also developing the technical skills necessary to play melodies and accompaniments on the ukulele. Various forms of notation and symbolism common to the ukulele (e.g. standard notation, tablature, fretboard diagrams and chord diagrams) are presented along with techniques and strategies for improvising melodies and chord accompaniments. No prior music background is required. No prerequisites are required. Required Materials:
Art History HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; ART HISTORY A, ART HISTORY B The course looks at characteristics of culture and art, primarily in the Western world, from prehistoric times up to the modern day. By exploring major turning points in history such as the first tools made, the first civilizations formed, and the rise and fall of major empires and religions you will more easily make connections to the artworks created. The course will also emphasize the impact culture itself has on the artworks produced in various times and places. You will examine the different types of value we assign to various types of art including aesthetic value, economic value, and social value. And lastly, you will learn about principles of design, which will help to build a common vocabulary for discussing and critiquing art. Cinematography HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; CINEMATOGRAPHY A, CINEMATOGRAPHY B Whether you love film, want to make videos for fun, or dream of becoming the next big director, this course is a great place to start. This is an entry-level course that will serve as an introduction to basic video/film/audio production. The goal of the course is for the student to develop the ability to capture great video images and audio, and to be able to edit those two elements together to tell a story. No prior video and film experience is needed. You will learn the fundamentals of visual storytelling, narrative writing, cinematography, lighting, and editing which serve as the basic skills necessary to take a short film from start to finish. Required Materials:
Digital Photography 1 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY I A, DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY I B Have you ever wondered how professional photographers manage to take such sensational pictures? How are they able to find just the right way to capture an image or moment in time? Perhaps you’ve even wondered why your own pictures don’t meet that standard. Digital Photography I: Creating Images with Impact! will answer these questions and help you understand. Required Materials
Digital Photography 2 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY II A, DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY II B In today’s world, we are surrounded by images. We are continually seeing photographs as they appear in advertisements, on websites, in magazines, and on billboards; they even adorn our walls at home. While many of these images have been created by professional photographers, it is possible for your photos to take on a more professional look after you take them. Required Materials
Game Design 1 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: GAME DESIGN 1A, GAME DESIGN 1BThis course will not work on a Chromebook. Are you a gamer? Do you enjoy playing video games or coding? Does the idea of creating and designing your own virtual world excite you? If so, this is the course for you! Tap into your creative and technical skills as you learn about the many aspects involved with designing video games. You will learn about video game software and hardware, various gaming platforms, necessary technical skills, troubleshooting and internet safety techniques, and even the history of gaming. And to top it all off, you’ll even have the opportunity to create your very own plan for a 2D video game! Turn your hobby into a potential career and go from simply being a player in a virtual world to actually creating one. (Approved as a Fine Arts through the Arizona Board of Regents) Game Design 2 PREREQUISITE: GAME DESIGN 1HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: GAME DESIGN 2A, GAME DESIGN 2BThis course will not work on a Chromebook. Build upon the skills learned in Game Design 1. You will learn more about video game software and hardware, various gaming platforms, necessary technical skills, troubleshooting and internet safety techniques, and even the history of gaming. And to top it all off, you’ll even have the opportunity to create your very own plan for a 2D video game! (Approved as a Fine Arts through the Arizona Board of Regents) Guitar 1 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; GUITAR 1 A, GUITAR 1 B This course is designed for people who have never picked up the instrument before but have always wanted to try. The course covers all of the notes, chords, and theory that you need to get started. And for those more advanced players, you’ll learn about different musical styles and techniques that aim to round out your sound and inspire your songcraft. Required MaterialsTo complete this course, you will need 1 of the following types of guitars:
You will also want a few picks at your disposal. Optional purchases that most players like to have on hand include:
Guitar 2 PREREQUISITE: Guitar 1 Are you ready to take your guitar playing to the next level? Whether you want to play guitar for your family and friends, desire to be a professional performer, or just love playing music, this course is a great place to continue your journey towards musical excellence. You will build on the fundamentals of music and the basic skills necessary to play a wide variety of music styles. Student guides, Carlos and Ariel, will guide you through each step of this journey towards becoming a skilled guitarist and musician. This course can be used as a performing/fine arts credit to meet the requirements for certain high school graduation tracks. Required MaterialsTo complete this course, you will need 1 of the following types of guitars:
You will also want a few picks at your disposal.
Music Appreciation HALF-CREDIT COURSE Have you ever heard a piece of music that made you want to get up and dance? Cry your heart out? Sing at the top of your lungs? Whether pop, classical, or anything in between, music provides a powerful way for people to celebrate their humanity and connect with something larger than themselves. Music Appreciation: The Enjoyment of Listening not only will provide a historical perspective on music from the Middle Ages to the 21st century, but it will also teach you the essentials of how to listen and really hear (with a knowledgeable ear) the different music that’s all around you. Learning how to truly appreciate sound and melody is the best way to ensure a continued love of this delightful art form. Piano 1 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; PIANO 1A, PIANO 1B Whether you love music, want to play piano or keyboard for your family and friends, or desire to be a music star, this course is a great place to start. No prior music experience is needed. You will learn the fundamentals of music and the basic skills necessary to play a wide variety of music styles. Your teaching guide, Analine, will take you through each step of this journey towards becoming a skilled pianist and musician. Required Materials:
General ElectivesKindergarten Physical Education Kindergarten students begin learning the basics of locomotor and non-locomotor movements, jump roping, and dribbling. They learn to balance and about how food is energy. Kindergarten STEM Using a blend of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, students will investigate and engineer solutions to problems; students will also construct evidence-based explanations of real-world phenomena. Coursework will focus on meeting students’ social, emotional, physical, and academic needs and encourage shared contributions from schools, families, and the surrounding community. 1st Grade Physical Education First graders begin to combine locomotor and non-locomotor movements. They continue to improve their jump roping by jumping forward and backwards on a self-turned rope and practice catching. They focus on balance and weight transfer. They look at the benefits of being active and the difference between healthy and unhealthy foods. 1st Grade STEM Using a blend of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, students will investigate and engineer solutions to problems; students will also construct evidence-based explanations of real-world phenomena. Coursework will focus on meeting students’ social, emotional, physical, and academic needs and encourage shared contributions from schools, families, and the surrounding community. 2nd Grade Physical Education Second grade students begin to learn the basics of proper throwing and catching. They learn to jump rope with someone else holding the rope. They learn to catch a ball being thrown at them and begin the basics of striking. They look at foods to choose for before or after a workout. 2nd Grade STEM Using a blend of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, students will investigate and engineer solutions to problems; students will also construct evidence-based explanations of real-world phenomena. Coursework will focus on meeting students’ social, emotional, physical, and academic needs and encourage shared contributions from schools, families, and the surrounding community. 3rd Grade Physical Education Third grade students begin to combine locomotor movements into dance. They begin practicing underhand throwing and catching a hand-sized ball. They continue ball striking with a long-held implement and jump roping. They can identify foods that are beneficial for their health. 3rd Grade STEM Using a blend of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, students will investigate and engineer solutions to problems; students will also construct evidence-based explanations of real-world phenomena. Coursework will focus on meeting students’ social, emotional, physical, and academic needs and encourage shared contributions from schools, families, and the surrounding community. 4th Grade Physical Education Fourth grade students learn to play catch with proper throwing and catching stances. They learn about feet dribbling at certain distances and are asked to learn 4 of 10 jump roping tricks. They practice and learn a video led dance routine and learn about the importance of hydration. 4th Grade STEM Using a blend of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, students will investigate and engineer solutions to problems; students will also construct evidence-based explanations of real-world phenomena. Coursework will focus on meeting students’ social, emotional, physical, and academic needs and encourage shared contributions from schools, families, and the surrounding community. 5th Grade Physical Education Fifth graders learn about the four main types of workouts. They combine hand dribbling with other skills and can stike a ball pitched at them. They will create their own dance routine and analyze their own fitness assessments. They learn about muscles and about making healthy food choices for a balanced diet. 5th Grade STEM Using a blend of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, students will investigate and engineer solutions to problems; students will also construct evidence-based explanations of real-world phenomena. Coursework will focus on meeting students’ social, emotional, physical, and academic needs and encourage shared contributions from schools, families, and the surrounding community. History of Gaming and Esports HALF-CREDIT COURSE In this course, students will learn about the technologies and design principles that have been the foundation of the development of video game technology over the last 50 years. Students will examine and discuss the impact of video games on culture and the economy. Students will learn about the current gaming and e-sports landscape, including strategies and techniques of top teams and individuals. This course will also discuss the risks and dangers of video games and understand how to set appropriate time and content parameters. Finally, the course will identify career paths and opportunities for those who are passionate about gaming. Middle School Coding 1 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; MS CODING 1A, MS CODING 1B Do you find yourself wondering how your favorite apps, websites, and games were made? Maybe you want to try building your own. Well, now you can! In Middle School Coding 1, you will get an introduction to the basics of computer science, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Python. You’ll leave the course with a portfolio of work you can show off! Middle School Coding 2 PREREQUISITE: MS CODING 1HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; MS CODING 2A, MS CODING 2B In Middle School Coding 2, you will expand your knowledge of programming languages and web development by further exploring Python, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. You will analyze the differences between web development and web application development while growing your portfolio, which will serve to highlight everything you have learned and created in the course. Middle School Fitness HALF-CREDIT COURSE Are you physically fit? What does being fit mean to you? Physical fitness is a lot more than just a number on a scale – and that’s exactly what you’ll learn in this course! This course will help you understand the basics behind what it means to be physically fit; allow you to gain a deeper understanding about how your body functions; learn the complex science behind exercise; explore what it means to be mindful and what inspires you; and determine how you can test your current level of fitness. Being and staying physically fit is a lifelong endeavor and, just like human beings, there are many complexities involved! Learning about and improving your physical fitness is a smart choice to make at any age – and by signing up for this course, you will be doing exactly that! Consider this course to be the first step on your exciting journey to understanding and improving your physical fitness! Middle School Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Half-Credit Course This course gives students an introductory look at artificial intelligence, to understand how algorithms, machine learning, and neural networks function. Students grapple with difficult topics, such as bias in AI, and how it will impact the jobs we have and the tasks we do. This course allows students to explore the potential, as well as the perils, of artificial intelligence. Middle School Theory of Robotics Half-Credit Course This course teaches students about robots and artificial intelligence, and deep learning and machine learning. Students explore the array of applications that these technologies have, as well as the implications such technologies have on a variety of career paths. Turbo Leader 1 Half-Credit Course As students enter middle school, they need a new set of skills because they face more autonomy, more responsibility, and greater social pressure than before. In the Turbo Leader I course, students learn how to build confidence, boost academic achievement, and manage complex interpersonal relationships. By the end of the course, students will have mastered dozens of proven strategies for promoting growth, solving challenges, and achieving their goals. Turbo Leader 2 Half-Credit Course Turbo Leader 2 equips students with tools that boost their skills and personal voice, which ultimately leads to building confidence, creating healthy coping mechanisms, and finding lifelong passions. Through applying these powerful skills, students can make meaningful differences in their schools and communities. Turbo Leader 3 Half-Credit Course Turbo Leader 3 sets students on a path for future success with conflict resolution skills, navigating peer relationships, and support for the transition to high school. Through applying these powerful skills, students can make meaningful differences in their schools and communities. Wearable Technology Innovations HALF-CREDIT COURSE From hearing aids to pedometers to smart watches, humans have made and worn devices to overcome physical deficiencies, count their steps, and communicate. With the continue miniaturization of chips and sensors, combined with increasing sophistication of artificial intelligence, wearable technology has proliferated into countless end-markets. This course will introduce students to wearable technologies and the components and software that make these technologies possible. The course will also evaluate several applications of wearable technologies in various industries. Finally, the course will examine and discuss the implications of wearable technology, including its pros and cons, and potential implications to our health, privacy, and society. Creative Writing English Elective HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: CREATIVE WRITING A, CREATIVE WRITING BELECTIVE CREDIT ONLYFor many hundreds of years, literature has been one of the most important human art forms. It allows us to give voice to our emotions, create imaginary worlds, express ideas, and escape the confines of material reality. Through creative writing, we can come to better understand ourselves and our world. This course can provide you with a solid grounding in the writing process, from finding inspiration to building a basic story. Then, when you are ready to go beyond the basics, learn more complicated literary techniques to create strange hybrid forms of poetry and prose. By the end of this course, you can better discover your creative thoughts and turn those ideas into fully realized pieces of creative writing. Cybersecurity Half-Credit Course In the Cybersecurity course, students will learn about the practice of protecting networks, systems, and programs from digital attacks. They will better understand the aim of these attacks, such as destroying information, extorting money and resources, or disrupting business operations. They will learn about the challenges and opportunities that implementing cybersecurity measures can present. As attackers become more innovative, it is more important than ever to have effective cybersecurity channels in place to counter them. Students will learn about countermeasures and role recovery and their integral function in the cybersecurity realm. Additionally, students will learn what makes certain networks and systems more vulnerable to attacks. They will become adept at identifying potential viruses, worms, threats, and malware. The Cybersecurity course acts as a foundation on which to build extensive knowledge about threats to digital security. Entrepreneurship and Small Business Half-Credit Course This course will prepare students for certification in Entrepreneurship and Small Business. The modules are designed to cover all aspects of entrepreneurship including traits of successful entrepreneurs, business management, hiring employees, creating a company culture, managing finances, and marketing products and services. Each module will challenge students to put themselves in the role of an entrepreneur and consider how they will handle the extensive responsibilities of starting a business. Fitness Fundamentals HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: FITNESS FUNDAMENTALS A, FITNESS FUNDAMENTALS B Fitness Fundamentals A (semester) This course is designed to provide students with the basic skills and information needed to begin a personalized exercise program and maintain an active and healthy lifestyle. Students participate in pre- and post-fitness assessments in which they measure and analyze their own levels of fitness based on the five components of physical fitness: muscular strength, endurance, cardiovascular fitness, flexibility, and body composition. In this course, students research the benefits of physical activity, as well as the techniques, principles, and guidelines of exercise to keep them safe and healthy. Throughout this course students participate in a weekly fitness program involving elements of cardio, strength, and flexibility training. Fitness Fundamentals B (semester) This course takes a more in-depth look at the five components of physical fitness touched on in Fitness Fundamentals 1: muscular strength, endurance, cardiovascular health, flexibility, and body composition. This course allows students to discover new interests as they experiment with a variety of exercises in a non-competitive atmosphere. By targeting different areas of fitness, students increase their understanding of health habits and practices and improve their overall fitness level. Students take a pre- and post-fitness assessment. Throughout this course students also participate in a weekly fitness program involving elements of cardio, strength, and flexibility. Forensic Science HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: FORENSIC SCIENCE A, FORENSIC SCIENCE BELECTIVE CREDIT ONLY Fingerprints. Blood spatters. Gunshot residue. If these things intrigue you rather than scare you, Forensic Science I: Secrets of the Dead may be for you. This course offers you the chance to dive into the riveting job of crime scene analysis. Learn the techniques and practices applied during a crime scene investigation and how clues and data are recorded and preserved. You will better understand how forensic science applies technology to make discoveries and bring criminals to justice as you follow the entire forensic process—from pursuing the evidence trail to taking the findings to trial. By careful examination of the crime scene elements, even the most heinous crimes can be solved. Fundamentals of Bitcoin & Cryptocurrency Half-Credit Course In this course, students will learn all about bitcoin, including its history, development, and context within the modern global economy. Students will learn the basic cryptographic principles that underlie bitcoin, and gain confidence by demonstrating strong security principles in storing and transacting bitcoin. Key principles such as mining, wallets, and hashing will be introduced. And finally, they will be familiarized with the nascent industry of digital currencies and how they function. Health HALF-CREDIT COURSE This comprehensive health course provides students with essential knowledge and decision-making skills for a healthy lifestyle. Students will analyze aspects of emotional, social, and physical health and how these realms of health influence each other. Students will apply principles of health and wellness to their own lives. In addition, they will study behavior change and set goals to work on throughout the semester. Other topics of study include substance abuse, safety and injury prevention, environmental health, and consumer health. Marine Science HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: MARINE SCIENCE A, MARINE SCIENCE BELECTIVE CREDIT ONLY Have you ever wondered about the secrets of the deep, and how the creatures below the ocean’s surface live and thrive? It is truly a new frontier of discovery, and in Marine Science you will begin to better understand the aquatic cycles, structures, and processes that generate and sustain life in the sea. Through the use of scientific inquiry, research, measurement, and problem solving, you will conduct various scientific procedures that will lead to an increased level of knowledge about Marine Science. You will also have the opportunity to use technology and laboratory instruments in an academic setting. By recognizing the inherent ethics and safety procedures necessary in advanced experiments, you will become progressively more confident in your abilities as a capable marine scientist. Personal and Family Finance HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: CONSUMER ECONOMICS/PERSONAL FINANCE A, CONSUMER ECONOMICS/PERSONAL FINANCE B We all know money is important in life. But how important? In fact, the financial decisions you make today may have a lasting effect on your future. Rather than feeling anxious about money feel empowered by learning how to make smart decisions! Personal and Family Finance will begin the conversation around how to spend and save your money wisely, investing in safe opportunities and the days ahead. Learning key financial concepts around taxes, credit, and money management will provide both understanding and confidence as you begin to navigate your own route to future security. Discover how education, career choices, and financial planning can lead you in the right direction to making your life simpler, steadier, and more enjoyable. Psychology HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; PSYCHOLOGY A, PSYCHOLOGY BELECTIVE CREDIT ONLY Do you ever wonder how your mind works? Why do you think about your world the way you do? As you prepare for college, career, and life, psychology is an invaluable foundation for understanding what makes humans tick. In addition to theory and science work, you will gain knowledge on a wide array of issues on both individual and global levels, examining connections between content areas within psychology and relating them to psychological knowledge of everyday life, including available careers for those who study psychology. Startups and Innovation Half-Credit Course Students hear a lot of contradictory advice in life. On one hand, they may hear something like “Follow your dreams. Pursue your passion and the money will come!” On the other hand, they may hear something completely opposite, like “Most startups fail! It’s much safer to get a safe, steady job.” So which side is right? Given the massive changes to the economy and society, the skills of entrepreneurship are going to be critical in building a lasting career. The entrepreneurial mindset of searching for opportunities, creating value, and solving pain points will always be valuable. And this mindset applies not just to starting a business, but in any organization that someone is a part of: school, established companies, or non-profits. In this course, students will explore how to use this mindset to create the next world-class startup. MathKindergarten Math Kindergarten will be devoted to quantity and numbers through the development of competency with counting and the relationship to quantity, understanding addition and subtraction, and understanding various strategies for addition and subtraction within 10, as well as developing place value understanding of whole numbers through 19. 1st Grade Math Students will extend their knowledge of addition and subtraction to two-digit numbers. They will develop understanding of addition, subtraction, and strategies for addition and subtraction within 20, develop competency of whole number relationships and place value, including grouping in tens and ones through 100, and develop understanding of linear measurement. They will also explore measurement, charts, graphs, time, money, and solid shapes. 2nd Grade Math Students will extend their knowledge of addition and subtraction to two-digit numbers. They will develop understanding of addition, subtraction, and strategies for addition and subtraction within 20, develop competency of whole number relationships and place value, including grouping in tens and ones through 100, and develop understanding of linear measurement. They will also explore measurement, charts, graphs, time, money, and solid shapes. 3rd Grade Math Students will extend understanding of place value of multi-digit numbers to 1000 and fluently add and subtract multi-digit numbers to 1000; develop competency in multiplication and division and strategies for multiplication and division within 100; develop understanding of the structure of rectangular arrays and of area; develop understanding of fractions as numbers, especially unit fractions. 4th Grade Math Students will extend understanding of place value to multi-digit numbers and fluently add and subtract multi-digit numbers; develop understanding of dividing to find quotients involving multi-digit dividends; develop understanding of fraction equivalence, addition, and subtraction of fractions with like denominators, and multiplication of fractions by whole numbers. 5th Grade Math Students are introduced to multiplying two-digit numbers by two-digit numbers; practicing long division with and without remainders; adding, subtracting, and multiplying unlike fractions and mixed numbers; developing understanding in performing operations with decimals to hundredths and estimating by rounding. Students will also practice graphing on a coordinate plane and calculating the volume of solid figures. 6th Grade Math The content within this course focuses on the four critical areas defined by the Common Core State Standards: (1) connecting ratio and rate to whole number multiplication and division and using concepts of ratio and rate to solve problems; (2) completing understanding of division of fractions and extending the notion of number to the system of rational numbers, which includes negative numbers; (3) writing, interpreting, and using expressions and equations; and (4) developing understanding of statistical thinking. This course uses a program called ALEKS (Assessment and Learning in Knowledge Spaces), a Web-based, artificially intelligent assessment and learning system. ALEKS uses adaptive questioning to quickly and accurately determine exactly what a student knows and doesn’t know in a course. ALEKS then instructs the student on the topics he/she is most ready to learn. As a student works through a course, ALEKS periodically reassesses the student to ensure that topics learned are also retained. ALEKS courses are very complete in their topic coverage and ALEKS avoids multiple-choice questions. 7th Grade Math The content within this course focuses on the four critical areas defined by the Common Core State Standards: (1) developing understanding of and applying proportional relationships; (2) developing understanding of operations with rational numbers and working with expressions and linear equations; (3) solving problems involving scale drawings and informal geometric constructions, and working with two- and three-dimensional shapes to solve problems involving area, surface area, and volume; and (4) drawing inferences about populations based on samples. This course uses a program called ALEKS (Assessment and Learning in Knowledge Spaces), a Web-based, artificially intelligent assessment and learning system. ALEKS uses adaptive questioning to quickly and accurately determine exactly what a student knows and doesn’t know in a course. ALEKS then instructs the student on the topics he/she is most ready to learn. As a student works through a course, ALEKS periodically reassesses the student to ensure that topics learned are also retained. ALEKS courses are very complete in their topic coverage and ALEKS avoids multiple-choice questions. 8th Grade Math The content within this course focuses on the three critical areas defined by the Common Core State Standards: (1) formulating and reasoning about expressions and equations, including modeling an association in bivariate data with a linear equation, and solving linear equations and systems of linear equations; (2) grasping the concept of a function and using functions to describe quantitative relationships; (3) analyzing two- and three-dimensional space and figures using distance, angle, similarity, and congruence, and understanding and applying the Pythagorean Theorem. This course uses a program called ALEKS (Assessment and Learning in Knowledge Spaces), a Web-based, artificially intelligent assessment and learning system. ALEKS uses adaptive questioning to quickly and accurately determine exactly what a student knows and doesn’t know in a course. ALEKS then instructs the student on the topics he/she is most ready to learn. As a student works through a course, ALEKS periodically reassesses the student to ensure that topics learned are also retained. ALEKS courses are very complete in their topic coverage and ALEKS avoids multiple-choice questions. Algebra 1 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: ALGEBRA 1A, ALGEBRA 1BHonors course available The course content will include a rigorous approach to solving, graphing, and writing linear quadratic, rational, and exponential functions. You will develop mathematical knowledge that will increase your ability to communicate and reason with mathematical concepts. This course offers a solid foundation for further study of mathematical relationships. View Syllabus Geometry PREREQUISITE: ALGEBRA 1HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: GEOMETRY A, GEOMETRY BHonors course available Included in this course is a study of both two and three-dimensional shapes, congruence, similarity, transformations and the relationships between geometric shapes. You will develop mathematical knowledge that will increase your ability to communicate and reason with mathematical concepts. This course offers a solid foundation for further study of mathematical relationships. View Syllabus Algebra 2 PREREQUISITE: GEOMETRYHALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: ALGEBRA 2A, ALGEBRA 2BHonors course available Included in this course is a study of the complex number system and its properties, factorization, simplification of radicals and polynomials, linear and quadratic functions, graphs and equations, matrices, determinants, rational expressions, probability, and statistics. You will develop mathematical knowledge that will increase your ability to communicate and reason with mathematical concepts. This course offers a solid foundation for further study of mathematical relationships. View Syllabus Mathematical Models with Applications Prerequisite: Algebra 2HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: MATH MODELS A, MATH MODELS B In Mathematical Models with Applications, you will learn to apply mathematics through experiences in personal finance, science, engineering, fine arts, and social sciences. You will use algebraic, graphical, and geometric reasoning to recognize patterns and structure, model information, solve problems, and communicate solutions. Along the way, you will select from a variety of tools including manipulatives, technology, and data collection devices. This course takes an integrated approach to mathematics as you further your skills in the disciplines of algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and probability and statistics. Precalculus PREREQUISITE: ALGEBRA 2HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: PRECALCULUS A, PRECALCULUS BThis is an honors course. Included in this course is a further depth study of functions, quadratics, logarithms, coordinate geometry, vectors, trigonometry probability and statistics with the addition of differentiation, integration and differential equations. You will develop mathematical knowledge that will increase your ability to communicate and reason with mathematical concepts. This course offer a solid foundation for further study of mathematical relationships. View Syllabus Calculus PREREQUISITE: PRECALCULUSHALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: CALCULUS A, CALCULUS BThis is an honors course. Calculus plays an important role in science, medicine, sociology and economics. Consequently, it is important for everyone to learn. The objective of this course is to enable students not just to recognize concepts, but learn to work with them in ways that will be useful in their future careers and life. The course uses a logical progression from fundamental to advanced concepts so that students can make more connections between theories and applications. Topics include limits, continuity, derivatives, related rates, optimization, integration, area under the curve, volumes of revolution, and centers of mass. View Syllabus Probability and Statistics Prerequisite: Algebra 2Half-credit course Probability and Statistics is a mathematics course that teaches two related but distinguishable disciplines. Probability is the study of the likelihood that an event will occur. For example, what is the likelihood that you will win a writing contest if there are 3,000 entries? What are the chances that you will land that lead role in the school play if 30 students audition? In statistics, you will practice the science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in order to make decisions. The study of statistics upholds that of probability. You’ve likely worked with both disciplines to varying degrees during your math education. In this course, you will represent and interpret data using dot plots, histograms, box plots, two-way frequency tables, and scatter plots. You will study normal distributions and distinguish between correlation and causation. You will also determine the conditional probability of two events or whether the events are independent. Using counting techniques and the rules of probability, you will calculate probabilities and use the results to make educated and fair decisions. You will evaluate several data collection techniques and statistical models, including simulations. The course closes with information on how you can use probability models to represent situations arising in everyday life that involve both payoff and risk. Science LabEarth & Space Science In this course, you will explore how the spheres of Earth are connected to create and maintain a habitable planet. You will apply principles learned previously about outer space, our solar system, and the planets to understand Earth’s place in outer space. You will evaluate how internal and external processes interact with one another, and will analyze current and historical data to predict what future Earth may look like. Kindergarten Science In kindergarten, students use their senses to help them make observations about the world around them, recognizing patterns and the structures and functions of living and non-living things. 1st Grade Science In first grade, students develop an understanding of causal relationships as they investigate how objects can impact other objects from a distance or by contact with each other. They also develop systems thinking as they investigate how organisms interact with Earth for survival and how life systems have cycles. 2nd Grade Science In second grade, students develop an understanding of systems and system models along with energy and matter. Students develop an understanding of observable properties of matter, how energy changes matter, the distribution, and role of water and wind, and how life on Earth depends on an energy source. 3rd Grade Science In third grade, students develop an understanding of systems and system models along with structure and function involving energy and matter. 4th Grade Science In fourth grade, students apply systems and system models as they investigate how energy and the availability of resources affects Earth systems (geosphere and biosphere). They also develop an understanding of stability and change with regards to how populations of organisms and Earth have changed over time. 5th Grade Science In fifth grade, students apply their understanding of scale at micro levels as they investigate changes in matter and at macro levels as they investigate patterns of genetic information and movement between Earth and Moon. Science 6 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; Science 6A, Science 6B Each lesson includes one or more inquiry-based activities that can be performed online within the context of the lesson. In addition, the course includes a significant number of hands-on lab activities. Approximately 40% of student time in this course is devoted to true lab experiences, as defined by the National Research Council (2006, p. 3). Lab materials note: All hands-on labs employ relatively-common household materials. Science 7 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; Science 7A, Science 7B This inquiry- and lab-based course is designed to support modern science curriculum and teaching practices. It robustly meets NGSS learning standards associated with a seventh-grade integrated science course (NGSS Appendix K: Modified Conceptual Progression Model, p. 19), focusing on cells, the life cycle, nutrition, chemical reactions, force fields, and energy. Content topics include cells and human body systems, the life cycle, nutrition and energy, chemical reactions, force fields, and energy. Each lesson includes one or more inquiry-based activities that can be performed online within the context of the lesson. In addition, the course includes a significant number of hands-on lab activities. Approximately 40% of student time in this course is devoted to true lab experiences, as defined by the National Research Council (2006, p. 3). Lab materials note: All hands-on labs employ relatively-common household materials. Science 8 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; Science 8A, Science 8B This inquiry- and lab-based course is designed to support modern science curriculum and teaching practices. It robustly meets NGSS learning standards associated with an eighth-grade integrated science course (NGSS Appendix K: Modified Conceptual Progression Model, p. 19). Content topics include genes and adaptations, evolution, energy and the Earth, the Earth’s changing climate, waves, and technology and human impacts on the Earth. Each lesson includes one or more inquiry-based activities that can be performed online within the context of the lesson. In addition, the course includes a significant number of hands-on lab activities. Approximately 40% of student time in this course is devoted to true lab experiences, as defined by the National Research Council (2006, p. 3). Lab materials note: All hands-on labs employ relatively-common household materials. Biology HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; BIOLOGY A, BIOLOGY BHonors course available This course allows you to learn about living organisms, including humans, and their interactions with each other and their surroundings. This includes investigations regarding the health of human beings, animals, organisms, and entire ecosystems. You will learn how the advances in the study of biology impact society and each of us as individuals and, in turn, how we each have an impact on the organisms and environment around us. Ultimately and ideally, this will culminate in a newfound appreciation for the interdependence of life on Earth. View Syllabus Anatomy & Physiology In this course, you will explore the relationship between structure and function and how the human body maintains homeostasis. You will apply principles learned in biology to each of the human body systems as well as how cellular transport, cellular organelles, and organic macromolecules come together in a specific organization to maintain life. Chemistry HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; CHEMISTRY A, CHEMISTRY BHonors course available In this course, students will investigate the chemistry around them: in medicine they take, services they use, and the food they eat. Each of the key topics covered is brought together under the umbrella of geohealth: the study of human health in the context of ecology, environmental science, climate change, agriculture, waste and water management, and diseases. The course is taught through real world case studies, where students take on the role of a chemist working with a team of experts to investigate medical or environmental issues. In these case studies, students learn about topics like atomic structure, phases of matter, stoichiometry, and thermodynamics in scenario-based learning where they complete projects that require critical thinking, making and testing predictions, application, and synthesizing multiple concepts to succeed. View Syllabus Physical Science HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; PHYSICAL SCIENCE A, PHYSICAL SCIENCE B In this course, you will have the opportunity to explore the characteristics of objects and materials that you encounter daily. You will gain an understanding of the nature of matter and energy, including their forms, the changes they undergo, and their interactions. You will develop an understanding of the fundamental laws of motion, knowledge of the various ways energy is stored in a system, and the processes by which energy is transferred between systems and surroundings. You will participate in regular in-person labs (with materials available at home or a school lab site), and experience experiments that are supplemented with other virtual reality experiences. Physics HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; PHYSICS A, PHYSICS BHonors course available This course helps learners understand the technological world in which they live and take an informed interest in science and scientific developments. You will learn about the basic principles of physics through a mix of theoretical and practical studies. You will also gain an understanding of how science is studied and practiced, and become aware that the results of scientific research can have both good and bad effects on individuals, communities, and the environment. You will participate in regular in-person labs (with materials available at home or a school lab site), and experience experiments that are supplemented with other virtual reality experiences. Social StudiesKindergarten Social Studies Through an introduction to civics, geography, economics, and history, students will understand their roles and responsibilities as citizens within their own context. Students will also learn about their own culture and how it impacts understanding of oneself and others as well as get introduced to aspects of our national culture. 1st Grade Social Studies Through the study of civics, geography, economics, and history, students will understand how a community functions and how each member contributes to the community for the common good. Students will study their local community and learn about characteristics that define urban, suburban, and rural communities. Democratic principles and participation in government are introduced. Community resources, environment, change over time, and cause/effect are examined. 2nd Grade Social Studies Through the study of geography and economics, the students’ lenses expand to learn how their world is interconnected globally. Students will develop a spatial understanding of the world around them so they can understand how other cultures and civilizations are interconnected and have influenced who we are as a community, state, and nation. United States history, world history, and civics will also be taught. 3rd Grade Social Studies Students will study Arizona with an integrated approach, considering the contributions of various cultural and ethnic groups, including the 22 Indian Nations that reside in Arizona, the structure of the state and local governments, the roles and responsibilities as citizens of Arizona, and the economic, political, and geographic elements of the state. 4th Grade Social Studies Students will study the Americas (North, Central, and South America along with the Caribbean Islands) using an integrated approach considering the theories about the first peopling of the Americas, the development of Mesoamerican and South American civilizations, American Indian life in the Americas prior to European exploration, the causes and consequences of European exploration and colonization, the contributions of various cultural and ethnic groups in relation to the development of the Americas, and the roles and responsibilities as members of a society. 5th Grade Social Studies Students understand the history of the United States within an integrated approach considering the historic and economic events from American Revolution to Industrialism, the development and structure of the national government, the influence of immigration, the contributions of various cultural and ethnic groups to the changing social and political structure of the United States, and the roles and responsibilities as citizens of the United States. 6th grade: Pre-Modern World History Sixth grade students will understand the cultural, religious, economic, and political systems of selected societies with a focus on the Eastern Hemisphere. Regions include the Middle East and North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, Asia (east, south, and southeast), and Oceania. This course covers prehistory to Renaissance. 7th grade: Modern World History The content focus will be viewed through historical and geographic lenses. Seventh grade students will understand the relationships and interactions between societies and cultures in both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. United States history will be taught as it intersects with global issues. This course covers the time period between the Scientific Revolution/Enlightenment and the present. 8th grade: Civics and Citizenship The content focus will be viewed through civic and economic lenses. Citizenship and civic engagement will be taught through inquiry. Eighth grade students will make connections between historical and current/recent issues as a base for implementing change in society. Students will recognize and practice their roles and responsibilities as both American and global citizens. United States History will focus on the major events that have their roots in the Constitution, Bill of Rights, and subsequent amendments. World History HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; WORLD HISTORY A, WORLD HISTORY BHonors course available In Part A, you’ll explore major historical events around the world throughout. In the first unit, you’ll develop your historical thinking skills. In the second and third units, you’ll learn about the major religions and classical civilizations of several regions around the world. In the fourth unit, you’ll examine the origins and developments of European exploration. In the fifth unit, you’ll learn about the causes and effects of the Renaissance and the Reformation. In the sixth unit, you’ll explore revolutions that occurred from 1789 to 1848, including the Scientific Revolution, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution. In Part B, you’ll explore major historical events around the world. In the first unit, you’ll explore the causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution, the spread of nationalism in Europe, and the Russian Revolution. In the second unit, you’ll analyze imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and examine the causes and consequences of World War I. In the third unit, you’ll study World War II, analyzing the factors that started the war and the impact of the war. In the fourth unit, you’ll explore the rise and fall of communism in the Soviet Union and China and learn about the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. In the fifth unit, you’ll analyze the effects of decolonization in Southeast Asia and Africa. You’ll also study the modernization of China and the rise of nationalism in the Middle East. In the last unit, you’ll explore economic globalization and evaluate the benefits and challenges of living in the modern world. US History HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE; US HISTORY A, US HISTORY BHonors course available US History is the study of the events, people, and culture of the United States over time. In US History Part A, you will learn about the process of historical inquiry, review the events and principles behind the founding of the United States, and then apply historical inquiry to analyze societal issues, trends, and events from the Civil War through the rise of US imperialism. You’ll explore timelines to gain an understanding of how events link to each other, and you’ll analyze historical documents for a firsthand sense of how events unfolded. You’ll also gather evidence from relevant documents and historical texts in order to develop credible explanations of events in US history. You’ll then use that evidence to evaluate change and continuity over time by writing essays and creating presentations about broad periods of historical development. In US History Part B, you will apply historical inquiry to analyze societal issues, trends, and events of US history from World War I to the present, including the Cold War, Civil Rights and other social movements, the Vietnam War, modern presidencies, and responses to global terrorism. You’ll explore timelines to gain an understanding of how events link to each other, and you’ll analyze historical documents for a firsthand sense of how events unfolded. You’ll also gather evidence from relevant documents and historical texts in order to develop credible explanations of events in US history. You’ll then use that evidence to evaluate change and continuity over time. Government HALF-CREDIT COURSEHonors course available With great freedom, comes great responsibility. Become an expert in responsible citizenship as you study the purposes, principles, and practices of American government as established by the U.S. Constitution. In this course, you will learn how and why the U.S. Government was developed, and how it currently operates. Included in this exploration will be the historical context for the creation of the U.S. Constitution and the three branches of the government, Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. You will also learn about the role of state and local governments, all while contemplating how and why citizens can participate responsibly within these contexts. Economics HALF-CREDIT COURSEHonors course available How does our modern economy work? In this course, you will examine the allocation of scarce resources and the economic reasoning used by government agencies and by people as consumers, producers, savers, investors, workers, and voters. As you prepare for college, career, and life, you will examine the key economic philosophies and economists who have influenced the economies around the world in the past and present. World LanguagesAmerican Sign Language 1 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: ASL 1A AND ASL 1B In ASL 1, students will work to develop a novice low proficiency level in American Sign Language, preparing them to handle a variety of basic communicative tasks. They will also gain a deeper knowledge and understanding of the cultures of the ASL-speaking world. Specific topics covered include: introductions, family, directions, shopping, jobs, and making plans. American Sign Language 2 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS AVAILABLE: ASL 2A AND ASL 2B In ASL 2, students will acquire an intermediate low proficiency level in American Sign Language, preparing them to successfully handle a variety of basic communicative tasks. They will also gain a deeper knowledge and understanding of the cultures of the ASL-speaking world. Specific topics covered include: making requests, weather, money, sightseeing, and famous deaf people. Arabic 1 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE: ARABIC 1A, ARABIC 1B In the first level, you will learn the language basics, greetings and introductions, work and school, shopping, travel, and about past/future as you build grammar and vocabulary of the language. You will also learn about the culture of the language speaking countries. Arabic 2 PREREQUISITE: ARABIC 1HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE: ARABIC 2A, ARABIC 2B In the second level, you will continue to build your grammar, vocabulary, and speaking skills as you explore friends and social life, dining and vacation, home and health, life and world, everyday things, and places and events. Continue to explore the culture of the language speaking countries. French 1 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE; FRENCH 1A, FRENCH 1B In the first level, you will learn the language basics, greetings and introductions, work and school, shopping, travel, and about past/future as you build grammar and vocabulary of the language. You will also learn about the culture of the language speaking countries. French 2 PREREQUISITE: FRENCH 1HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE; FRENCH 2A, FRENCH 2B In the second level, you will continue to build your grammar, vocabulary, and speaking skills as you explore friends and social life, dining and vacation, home and health, life and world, everyday things, and places and events. Continue to explore the culture of the language speaking countries. French 3 Honors PREREQUISITE: FRENCH 2HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE: FRENCH 3A, FRENCH 3BThis is an honors course. In the third level, you will reach a higher level of grammar and vocabulary mastery while enriching your speaking skills. You will study tourism and recreation, professions and hobbies, at home and around town, style and personal wellness, business and industry, and arts and academics. Continue to explore the culture of the language speaking countries. French 4 Honors PREREQUISITE: FRENCH 3HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE: FRENCH 4A, FRENCH 4BThis is an honors course. This course offers a compilation of activities, including current events, French music, authentic French text, and grammar review. We are excited for you to become immersed in the speaking, listening, and writing skills of the language as well as the culture of the countries where French is spoken. At the completion of level 4, students will be able to discuss current events happening in French-speaking countries around the world, interpret authentic French music and texts, and speak and write using complex French grammar. German 1 HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE In the first level, you will learn the language basics, greetings and introductions, work and school, shopping, travel, and about past/future as you build grammar and vocabulary of the language. You will also learn about the culture of the language speaking countries. German 2 PREREQUISITE: GERMAN 1HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE In the second level, you will continue to build your grammar, vocabulary, and speaking skills as you explore friends and social life, dining and vacation, home and health, life and world, everyday things, and places and events. Continue to explore the culture of the language speaking countries. German 3 Honors PREREQUISITE: GERMAN 2HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE; GERMAN 3A, GERMAN 3BThis is an honors course. In the third level, you will reach a higher level of grammar and vocabulary mastery while enriching your speaking skills. You will study tourism and recreation, professions and hobbies, at home and around town, style and personal wellness, business and industry, and arts and academics. Continue to explore the culture of the language speaking countries. German 4 Honors PREREQUISITE: GERMAN 3HALF-CREDIT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE; GERMAN 4A, GERMAN 4BThis is an honors course. In this class, students will continue to develop speaking skills through class discussions and oral presentations on various topics. Previously learned grammar concepts will be reviewed and built upon in greater depth. Real-world projects and assignments will provide the opportunity to utilize grammar in an authentic context. Throughout the year students will read portions of the classic novel, Don Quixote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes. Students should be prepared to participate orally in Spanish. Which of the following are congruent transformations?There are three congruent transformations: reflections, rotations, and translations.
What are the 3 congruence transformations?Congruence transformations
Using three forms of transformations, Rotations, Reflections and Translations, we can create congruent shapes. In fact all pairs of congruent shapes can be matched to each other using a series or one or more of these three transformations.
What is a congruence transformation called?In mathematics, a congruent transformation (or congruence transformation) is: Another term for an isometry; see congruence (geometry). A transformation of the form A → PTAP, where A and P are square matrices, P is invertible, and PT denotes the transpose of P; see Matrix Congruence and congruence in linear algebra.
Which transformations are congruent and which are similar?Two geometric shapes are congruent when there is a sequence of translations, reflections, and rotations which maps one shape to the other. Two shapes are similar when there is a sequence of translations, reflections, rotations, and dilations mapping one shape to the other.
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Which of the following are congruence transformations check all that apply
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