Which of the following statements correctly explains the process of osmosis?

The correct answer is option d.

(a) Osmosis can be defined as the movement of solvent molecules through a SPM (semi-permeable membrane) from a region of higher solvent concentration to a lower solvent concentration region. This movement of the solvent molecules is continued until an equilibrium is established, that is when the solute concentration becomes equal throughout the system. This implies that statement 1 is incorrect. Hence option (a) can be neglected.

(b) Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules from a region of low solute concentration or a high solvent concentration to a region of high solute concentration or a low solvent concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Hence statement 2 is true. Option (b) cannot be regarded as the correct option without examining statement 3.

(c) Colligative properties are those properties of the solution which depend only on the number of solute particles. Osmotic pressure is one such property that depends on the number of solute particles present in the solution. Thereby, statement 3 is correct. But option (c) is incorrect as both statements 2 and 3 are correct.

(d) This is the correct option as both statements 2 and 3 are correct.

(e) Statement 1 is wrong and thereby this option can be neglected.